Root element of the course. Version of the education markup language that this course is written in. Must match the language version of the used schema. Version der edML Sprache in welcher der Kurs geschrieben ist. Muss genau der Version des verwendeten Schemas entsprechen. Contains the course settings. Some of these settings can be overwritten for a specific course variant by using the settings child element of the corresponding variant element. Sets the default variant of the course by specifying its language. Gibt die Sprache der Variante an, welche die Standardvariante sein soll. Contains settings related to the navigation of the course including the navigation items and navigation lists. Whether navigation items should be numbered by default. This affects all navigation items on which no numbered attribute is set. Gibt an, ob Navigationseinträge standardmäßig nummeriert werden sollen. Das betrifft alle Navigationseinträge, bei welchen kein numbered Attribute gesetzt ist. Default format used in the generation of labels of navigation items. This affects all navigation lists on which no format attribute is set. Default separator used in the automatically generated label of navigation items. This affects all navigation lists on which no separator attribute is set. Whether the last separator should be shown by default in the automatically generated label of navigation items. This affects all navigation lists on which no lastsep attribute is set. Contains the settings for containers of the course. This settings element can be used to define default settings for all boxes in the course or course variant with the same tag name as this element. Most of these settings can be overwritten in individual boxes. When this attribute is set, only the matching boxes with the specified subtype are affected by the settings defined in this element. Changes the default descriptor of the affected boxes. Changes whether the affected boxes are numbered by default. Other attributes are allowed here for reasons of extensibility. The processing application can decide what to do with them. Contains one or more style assignments to elements with specified roles. Note that style settings are only possible when the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) settings of the web server allows this. ]]> Assigns a list of style declarations to all elements with a specified role. Note that style settings are only possible when the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) settings of the web server allows this. font-weight: bold; ]]> The role which an element must have in order for the style setting specified in this element to apply. A string representing zero or more style declarations, each one terminated by a semicolon. A style declaration consists of a named property followed by colon followed by the property value. For example, "color: blue;" or "color: red; font-weight: bold;" are valid style declarations. Defines the settings for input elements in this course. A group of settings for input elements that can be enabled by using the model attribute on input elements. If the name attribute is not set, this input model describes the default input model. Name of this input model. If this is not set, this input model describes the default input model. A format for the automatic generation of labels. No labels. 1,2,3,4,5... i,ii,iii,iv,v... I,II,III,IV,V... a,b,c,d,e,... A,B,C,D,E,... α,β,γ,δ,ε,... Use bullet points as labels. Use dots as labels. Use dashed as labels. A variant of the course for a specified language. Language of this course variant according to RFC 5646, must be unique among all course variants in this course. Sprache dieser Kursvariante. Muss im Format nach RFC 5646 angegeben werden. Muss eindeutig unter allen Kursvarianten im Kurs sein. The radix point is the symbol used to separate the integer part from the fractional part of a number in a number input field. When this is set to the special value auto, the application will automatically select a radix point based on the language of this course variant. Contains the settings specific to a course variant. These settings will overwrite the settings defined in the course element. Symbol used to separate the integer part from the fractional part of a number written in a standard positional number system. Dot (.) Comma (,) Title of a course variant, a page, a container or another element of the course. Alternative short version of the title that can be used in situations where the full title can not be displayed. Alternative Kurzversion des Titels. Dieser kann an Stellen angezeigt werden, an welchen der volle Titel aus Platzgründen nicht angezeigt werden kann. Contains all information about the navigation menu of a course variant. Whether or not the automatically generated labels of a navigation item should include the full numbering of all of its parent navigation items or only its number in the list of the children of its parent. A list of one or more navigation items in the navigation menu. Format used for the automatically generated label of the navigation items in this list. If this attribute is not set, the format will be the default format specified in the navsettings element of the course settings. Separator used in the automatically generated label of the navigation items in this navigation list. If this attribute is not set, the separator will be the default separator specified in the navsettings element of the course settings. Whether the last separator should be shown in the automatically generated label of the navigation items in this navigation list. If this attribute is not set, the behavior will be the default behavior specified in the navsettings element of the course settings. Contains all tests of a course variant. A Test is a part of the course with its own navigation structure that is modelled by the test items of the test. Each test item links to a page that must be worked through by the user in order to complete the test. The title of a test is displayed on top of the starting page of the test. On this page, the user gets displayed some information about the test and can click a button to start the test. The feedback element contains content that is shown to the user at the end of the test. During a test, no solutionhints are displayed. Total number of credits the user has achieved in this test. Total maximum number of credits the user can achieve in this test. Name of the tests. Must be unique among all names in this course variant. Whitespace-separated list of tags that this test should have. Maximal time duration (in the format hh:mm:ss) that the user may take to complete the test. If this attribute is not set, the user has unlimited time to complete the test. Whether or not the test should be presented in fullscreen mode to the user. If this is set to true, the browser will switch to fullscreen mode as long as the test is running. Number of allowed attempts at this test. If this attribute is not present, the user can try the test as often as wanted. Navigation options for the user during the test. Controls the amount of feedback the user gets shown after completing the test. Feedback mode for a test in the course. User gets shown his or her input values, their correctness (yes or no) and the corresponding solution hints linked to the input fields (if they exit) as well as the number of achieved and achievable credit points for all input fields. User gets shown his or her input values, their correctness (yes or no) and the number of achieved and achievable credit points for all input fields, but not the solution hints linked to the corresponding input fields. User gets show his or her input values and the number of achieved and achievable credit points for all input fields, but not the solution hints and not the correctness of the user input values. User gets show only the total number of achieved credit points and the total number of achievable credit points in the test. A time duration in the format hh:mm:ss. We do not allow milliseconds or time zones here. Navigation options for the user in a test. Allow the user full navigation through the test items. Allow the user only navigation forward in the hierarchy of test items. Allow no navigation by the user. A list of one or more test items. An item of a test that links to a specific page or another testitem, which the user must work through as part of the test. The ref element of a test item must point to a page or a testitem. Name of this test item, must be unique among all names in this course variant. Name des Testeintrages. Muss eindeutig unter allen Namen innerhalb der Kursvariante sein. Whitespace-separated list of tags that this test item should have. Maximal time duration (in the format hh:mm:ss) that the user may take to complete the test item. If this attribute is not set, the user has unlimited time to complete the test item. A feedback element describes content that is shown to the user at the end of a test. The horizontal length by which subitems should be indented as length value or "auto", which means that the application will indent by a default length, which is guaranteed to be strictly greater than 0. An item in the navigation menu of the course variant. Navigation items with a ref or link child element provide a link to a page or another navigation item. Navigation items with a title as child element always link to the next subitem of the navigation item where a ref or link is specified. Name of this navigation item, must be unique among all names in this course variant. Name des Navigationseintrages. Muss eindeutig unter allen Namen innerhalb der Kursvariante sein. Whitespace-separated list of tags that this navigation item should have. Whitespace-separated list of special roles that this navigation item should have. Allowed roles are "learnpath", "home", "impressum" and/or "privacy". Whether or not this navigation item should be visible for the user. Whether or not this navigation item should be numbered. If this attribute is not set, the value will be as specified in navsettings element in the course settings. Custom label of this navigation item, overrides any automatically generated labels. Whether to show an information text when this navigation item is a learnpath. This attribute only has an effect on navigation items with the "learnpath" role. A whitespace-separated list of navigation item roles. A special role that a navigation item may have. Marks the navigation item as learn path. Marks the navigation item as starting page. Marks the navigation item as impressum. Marks the navigation item as privacy site. Contains all pages of a course variant. One page in the course, consists of an optional title and a sequence of containers. Name of this page, must be unique among all names in this course variant. Name der Seite. Muss eindeutig unter allen Namen innerhalb der Kursvariante sein. Whitespace-separated list of tags for this page. This attribute provides a general way to specify in an XML document the base address used by relative links in an element. The edML language does not make use of this attribute, but we allow the attribute for convenience. More details can be found in the corresponding official W3C specification on xml:base. This attribute provides a general way to give an element in an XML document a unique identifier by which it can be referenced. The edML language does not make use of this mechanism, but we allow the attribute for convenience. More details can be found in the corresponding official W3C specification on xml:id. Defines a parameter whose value will be randomly chosen each time the course is loaded. The parameter can be used in all calc elements and input elements inside the container in which it is defined. Each time the page is reloaded, one of the value generators defined as child elements of this element is randomly chosen and called to generate a new parameter value. Parameters can be defined at the start of each box and are only accessible inside the box in which they are defined. 1 5 20 ]]> Defines the identifier by which this parameter can be referred to in all calc and input elements inside the surrounding box. Must be unique among all parameters defined in the surrounding box. Defines the weight of this parameter value generator among all value generators specified for the parameter. Generates a single value for a parameter that can be a string or a number. Generates a single value for a parameter that must be a number. Uniformly generates a random value from a specified range for a parameter. The start and end values for the range must be defined in the child elements. In contrast to the values appearing direct in the parameter element, these two values must be numbers. If the step value is a number, the range consists only of the numbers that are inside the interval defined by the start and end values and by the closure attribute and whose absolute difference from the start value is a multiple of the step value. The special value "none" turns the range into a continuous interval. The type of the interval which this range should be based on. This decides whether or not the start and end values should be part of the range or not. Whether or not the specified number should be part of the parameter value range or not. Defines the start of a parameter value range. Defines the end of a parameter value range. A parameter group can be used to define constraints between the parameters defined inside this element that should be enforced by the random generator when possible. The values of the parameters in the group are chosen in the order in which they appear in the "parametergroup" element. For each such parameter, the random generator tries to satisfy the group constraints. This means that the order of the parameters can make a difference when constraints are present. As a user, it is therefore generally a good idea to order the parameters inside a parameter group in ascending order by the size of their domain. 1 2 1 2 ]]> Whether or not the values of the parameters in the group should be forced to be pairwise distinct. Whether or not all the parameters with integer values in the group should be forced to have pairwise coprime values. This has no effect on parameters with non-integer values. A container with block content tagged as a proof. Name of the theorembox whose statement is proven in this proofbox. Sets the descriptor of this box. If this attribute is not present, the descriptor is the one defined in the course or variant settings or the global defaults. Changes whether this box is numbered. When this attribute is not present, the value is as defined in the course or variant settings or the global defaults. An optional subtype that further describes the content type of this box. Difficulty of this content. Higher values signal an increased difficulty. A path to a preview image that should be displayed as long as the content itself is not loaded. Whether or not the content should be loaded automatically without a user interaction. If this attribute is not set, the application will apply a suitable default behavior. A container with block content tagged as exercise. An exercise box can also store metadata about the exercise which it describes. A container with block content tagged as example. A container with block content tagged as theorem. An optional subtype that further describes the content type of this box. A minor proposition which is used as a stepping stone to a larger result. A minor theorem which is overall of lesser importance. A minor theorem which can be readily deduced from another result. A statement that is thought to be true but not yet proven. An optional subtype that further describes the content type of this box. A learning objective defines the learning outcome and focus of the whole course or a part of the course. A view that wraps a sequence of containers and has an optional title. A view that wraps a sequence of containers and has a mandatory title. A view that wraps a sequence of containers and shows only a selection of them that is randomly chosen each time the page is reloaded. The number of containers (chosen from the children of this element) that are shown at once in the pool view. Whether or not the order of the sequence of pool elements that will be drawn when the poolview is loaded or refreshed should be randomly shuffled or not. When set to true, a button will be shown on the pool view which, when being clicked by the user, chooses a new content of this pool view just like on a page reload. When possible, the application will make sure that a new selection of containers is chosen each time the button is pressed. A view that wraps a sequence of containers that are optional in the sense that the course can be followed without them. A view that wraps a sequence of group views (with mandatory titles) and displays them in an accordion. This element should not be used to hold solutions. For this task, use the solutionhint element. Either the number of the item or panel of this accordion, starting at 1 from top to bottom, that should be open when the page is loaded or the special value "none" which means that the accordion should be initially collapsed. A view that wraps a sequence of group views (with mandatory titles) and displays them as items in a tab set. This element should not be used to hold solutions. For this task, use the solutionhint element. A view that warps a sequence of group views (with optional titles) and displays them in a carousel. Only one of the group views is visible at once and the user can go to the next or previous one on demand. Whether or not the sequence of group views should be wrapped to a loop for the user, starting with the first one again after the last one. Either the number of seconds after which the carousel view will automatically go to the next group view or the special value "none", which means that the carousel will not change the active group view automatically. Whether or not the height of the carousel should be fixed to the maximum of the height of its children. If this attribute is set to false, the height of the carousel changes dynamically depending on the active child. The type of indicator of this carousel view. The indicator of a carousel view is positioned below or above the active container and shows the user how many items are available in the carousel and which one is active. A type of indicator of a carousel view. Dots that show the presence of the active and non-active containers. A progress slider, each container corresponds to one step value of the progress slider. The user can change the active container by moving the slider. A view that allows the user to flip between two text boxes. The first text box is visible when the page is loaded. The user can click a button (shown on the bottom of this view) to show the other textbox instead and then flip again. Width of a card relative to the page, or, if this flipcardview is nested in some container, the parent container. When this attribute is not set, the application automatically chooses the width. Breite einer Karte relativ zur Seite oder, falls das Element in einem Elterncontainer vorkommt, relativ zu diesem Container. Falls das Attribut nicht angegeben wird, bestimmt die Anwendung die Breite automatisch. Height of a card relative to the page, or, if this flipcardview is nested in some container, the parent container. When this attribute is not set, the application automatically chooses the height. Höhe einer Karte relativ zur Seite oder, falls das Element in einem Elterncontainer vorkommt, relativ zu diesem Container. Falls das Attribut nicht angegeben wird, bestimmt die Anwendung die Höhe automatisch. A container with block content. A container with block content tagged as information. A container with block content tagged as a hint. A container with block content tagged as help. A container with block content tagged as remark. A container with block content tagged as a definition. A container with block content tagged as an experiment. A box whose content is a convention. A convention is a determination that is valid for the whole course or a part of the course. A box whose main purpose is to present a formula to the user. A box for content that describes an application of other content. This element clones a container (a view or a box) and puts the cloned container into the place where this element appears. Name of the container whose content is being cloned. Whether or not a deep copy of the container should be performed. A deep copy means that all elements inside the container will also be copied. This means for example that input field values in the new container will exist independently of the original one. If no deep copy is performed (the default), then the input field values will be shared across the original container and its copy. Name of this container, must be unique among all names in this course variant. Whitespace-separated list of tags for this container. Custom label for this container, overriding any automatically generated label. Name of this element. Must be unique among all element names in this course variant. Name des Elements. Dieser muss eindeutig unter allen Elementen in der Kursvariante sein. Whitespace-separated list of tags of this element. Durch Leerzeichen getrennte Liste von Etiketten, welches dieses Element haben soll. Inline element which indicates that its content has strong importance. Strongs elements may not be nested in each other. Inline element which indicates that its content has stress emphasis. Emph elements may not be nested in each other. Inline element which underlines its content. Underline elements may not be nested in each other. Inline element which places a horizontal line through its content. Strikeout elements may not be nested in each other. Inline element which places its content in superscript. Inline element which places its content in subscript. Inline element which indicates that its content is a hint. Inline element which indicates that its content is an information. Inline element which indicates that its content is a warning for the reader. An inline quotation that will be surrounded by quotation marks according to the course variant language. This element defines an extension point for the user to put a custom block element in the course. The content of this element must be either a JSON-encoded object value or the empty string (which is treated the same as the empty JSON-object {}). This JSON-object will be parsed and passed to the plugin whose identifier matches the one given in the plugin attribute of this element. The referenced plugin must be loaded by the application processing the course and is responsible for displaying the object block. If no matching plugin is found, the element is ignored and not displayed at all. { "data": "molecule.sdf", "datatype": "sdf", "style": { "stick": { "hidden": false, "radius": 0.1 }, "sphere": { "radius": 0.25 } } } ]]> Identifier of the plugin which is responsible for displaying this object block. Can either be one of the plugin identifiers predefined by the edML language or a custom plugin identifier of a plugin installed in the application processing the course. A JSON-encoded object value. This type enforces that its content starts with { and ends with }. Whitespace and newline characters are allowed as well. Plugin identifiers predefined by the edML language. Plugin for displaying molecular data with the 3dmol javascript library. Plugin for displaying GeoGebra applets. Plugin for a block element which displays all subitems of the current navigation item as a list of clickable links in the page content. A block element with multiple cases. When the parent container of this element is loaded or reloaded, the cases are processed from top to bottom and the content of at most one case gets displayed. When the condition of none of the cases is satisfied and there is a default element, then the content of the default element gets displayed.

Parameter a has value 1.

Parameter a has value 2.

Parameter a has another value.

]]> A case of a decision element consisting of a condition and a sequence of block elements. If the condition is satisfied, the block elements get displayed and the decision is finished.

Parameter has value 1.

]]> The default case of a decision. If none of the cases in the decision is satisfied, then the content of this element is displayed.

This text is shown when none of the previously defined conditions is satisfied.

]]> A condition consisting of a left hand side expression, a right hand side expression and a comparison operator. The condition is satisfied if and only if the comparison yields true. The expressions are evaluated using the Computer Algebra System. Parameters defined in the parent container can be used in the expressions and are refeered to using their identifier. Moreover, when input field values are available during the processing of this condition (for example in the feedback element of tests), these input field values can also be used in the expressions and are refeered to using the syntax ${name-of-input-field}. ]]> The expression on the left hand side of the equality or inequality. The expression is evaluated using the Computer Algebra System. The documentation of the condition element contains more information on the computed values that can be used here. The comparison operator. Must be one of the operators defined by the language. The expression on the right hand side of the equality or inequality. The expression is evaluated using the Computer Algebra System. The documentation of the condition element contains more information on the computed values that can be used here. A combinator condition which is satisfied if and only if all of its child conditions are satisfied. A combinator condition which is satisfied if and only if at least one of its child conditions is satisfied. A comparison operator used in an equality or inequality. (Equal) Tests that two values are equal. (Not equal) Tests that two values are different. (Less than) Tests that one values is less than another value. (Less than or equal) Tests that one values is less than or equal to another value. (Greater than) Tests that one values is greater than another value. (Greater than or equal) Tests that one values is greater than or equal to another value. A paragraph which holds text or inline elements. Block element that shows one or more panels as tabs. This element should not be used to hold solutions. For this task, use the solutionhint element. An media object embedded from an external web page. URL of the external web page. An URL that starts with "http://" or "https://". Block element for an accordion with one or more panels. This element should not be used to hold solutions. For this task, use the solutionhint element. A constituent of either an accordion (block element) or a tabset (also a block element). Shows a figure (for example an image, a video, or a table) with an optional caption. Whether or not the figure should be numbered. Entscheidet, ob die Abbildung nummeriert sein soll oder nicht. Caption of a figure block. Horizontal alignment of an element in the course. Aligned to the left side of its parent. Aligned to the right side of its parent Aligned to the center of its parent Vertical alignment of an element in the course. Aligns the baseline of a table cell with the baseline of all other cells in the row that are also baseline aligned. Aligned on the top side of its parent. Aligned in the middle of its parent Aligned to the bottom side of its parent Inline element for a short code fragment with optional syntax highlighting. Whitespace inside the code is preserved but newline characters are ignored. In Java, classes are defined using the class keyword.

]]> Math formula with LaTeX content. Will be displayed with MathJax. The following macros are predefined and can be used as shorthands in this element: Differential operator \md: \mathrm{d} Determines whether this formula should be displayed as an inline element or block element. Horizontal alignment of this formula when displayed as a block element. Whether or not this math element should be numbered. If this is enabled, the value of the math element counter is displayed to the right of the math element in round brackets and this counter is increased by one. Describes the visual style of a math formula in the output. Display the math formula as an inline element. Display the math formula as a centered block element. Block element displaying a quotation. Block element for a code listing with optional syntax highlighting. All whitespace and newline characters in the code listing are preserved in the output. A space-separated list of individual line numbers or line number ranges of the code to highlight. These lines are displayed differently than the other lines so that they can be distinguished by the user. This element can be used inside the codelistingelement to stress the attention of the user to a specific part of the code. A space-separated list of line number ranges, such as "1", "1 5", "10-12" or "1 5 20-26 7 100-141 9". A line number range consists either of a single line number, such as "1" or "5", or a range such as "10-16". Every line number must be a positive integer without leading zeros. Input element in which the user can write source code in a specified programming language and execute it. Source code entered by the user. Can contain newline characters. Programming language that the source code should be written in, such as "java". Controls what kind of source code input is expected: Multiple source code files (project), only one source code file (file), several functions (functions) or statements (statements). Controls what kind of source code input is expected in a source code input element. One or multiple source code files. A single source code file. One or multiple functions. One or multiple statements. Initial code content of a sourcecode element. All whitespace and newline characters inside this element are preserved. Short string identifying the language of the code content, such as "plaintext" (no language), "xml", "java" or "cpp". A language of a code fragment. Plaintext XML Java C++ A programming language. Java A line break. Should not be used to distinguish paragraphs. Contains information about the metadata of a resource that is used in the course, such as a picture or a video. Every metadata element should contain at least one license child element. Every metadata element must have at least one license child element. An URL to a resource that contains further information about this metadata field. An entity who is primarily responsible for making a resource. A point of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of a resource. A description or an account of a resource. A description of a related resource from which the described resource is derived. Describes the license of a resource. Minimum width of this media object as length percentage value or "auto", which means that the application will calculate and select a minimum width. Maximal width of this media object as length percentage value or "none", which means that there should be no limit on the width of the object. Minimum height of this media object as length percentage value or "auto", which means that the application will calculate and select a minimum height. Maximal height of this media object as length percentage value or "none", which means that there should be no limit on the height of the object. Displays a picture loaded from a local image file. The image file can contain either a raster graphic graphic (for example, a PNG file) or a vector graphic (for example, an SVG file). Path to the image file relative to the current document. Audio player that can be used to play an audio file. Path to the audio file relative to the current document. Plays a video loaded from a local video file (for example, an MP4 file). Path to the video file relative to the current document. A reference to another part of the course. References may not contain other reference elements. Name of the target element to which this reference points. A reference to a part of the course with automatically generated text content. This element must be empty and will be replaced by a link such as "Example 2" or "Page Vector spaces" depending on the referenced element in the "to" attribute. Name of the target element to which this reference points. Link to an external resource, such as a website or an email address. Links may not contain other reference elements. URI of the external resource to which this link points. Whether or the hyperlink should be visually marked as an external link or not. By default, external links are marked to show the user that they lead to another website. Controls how the link should be opened: In a new tab (blank) or in the same tab (self). Controls how a link should be opened. Open the link in this tab. Open the link in a blank new tab. Inline element that can be used to give its content a name and/or to assign semantic roles to its content. Vektorraum ist eine Menge ...]]> Whitespace-separated list of semantic roles that should be applied to the content of this element. A note that provides additional information or comments from the author. Notes are numbered per page and their content is shown at the bottom of the page. Block element for a flex container that contains one or more flex items. An item of a flex container. Minimum width of this flex item. The special value "auto" means that the application will calculate and select a minimum width. Maximal width of this flex item. The special value "none" means that there should be no limit on the width of the flex item. The direction flex items are placed in the flex container. This is the main axis of the container. Defines whether the flex items are forced in a single line or wrapped into multiple lines if neccessary. The alignment of the flex items along the main axis. The alignment of the flex items along the cross axis. The alignment of flex items along the cross axis when there is extra space in the cross axis as a result of wrapping. The size of the gap between rows as length percentage value. The size of the gap between flex columns as length percentage value. Direction in which flex items are placed in the flex container. Left to right. Right to left. Top to bottom. Bottom to top. Values for the wrap attribute of flex containers. Place all items in one line. Wrap items from top to bottom. Wrap items from bottom to top. Alignment of the flex items in a flex container along an axis of the flex container. Stretch all flex items proportionally so that they completely fill the axis while still respecting their maxwidth or maxheight values. Center flex items in the middle of the axis. Align items towards the start of the axis. Align items towards the end of the axis. Distribute the items evenly so that the space between each pair of adjacent items is the same and so that there is no space before the first and after the last item. Distribute the items evenly so that the space between each pair of adjacent items is the same and the space before the first and after the last item is half the space between each pair of adjacent items. Distribute the items evenly so that the space between each pair of adjacent items is the same and the space before the first and after the last item is the same as the space between each pair of adjacent items. A simple alignment of flex items in a flex container along an axis of the flex container. Stretch all flex items proportionally so that they completely fill the axis while still respecting their maxwidth or maxheight values. Center flex items in the middle of the axis. Align items towards the start of the axis. Align items towards the end of the axis. The order of this item in the flex container. Specifies how much of the remaining space in the flex container should be assigned to this item. Flex shrink factor of this flex item. Initial main size of this flex item as length percentage value or "auto", which means that the size is automatically calculated. When this has a value other than "auto", it overrides this flex item's alignitems value in the surrounding flex container. A list, can be either numbered or unnumbered depending on the used format. Note that attributes such as "format" and "fullnumbering" will be inherited if a list occurs inside of another list. Format used for the automatically generated label of the items in this list. Separator used in the automatically generated label of the items in this list. Controls whether the last separator should be shown in the automatically generated label of the items in this list. Whether or not the automatically generated labels of a list item of this list should include the full numbering of all of its parent navigation items or only its number in the list of the children of its parent. Item of a list. Controls whether or not this list item increases the counter for the automatically generated labels. Custom label of this list item, overrides any automatically generated labels. Vertical alignment of the cells in this row. Can be overwritten for an individual cell in this row by setting the "valign" attribute of the "cell" element to a different value. Note: The official default value of the corresponding attribute in CSS is "baseline", but most browsers override this value with "middle" in their user agent stylesheets. Therefore, we use "middle" as default value. Minimum height of the table row as length percentage value. A row that is part of the body of a table. A row consists of a collection of cells. A row of a table that is specified as head of the table. Whether or not the head row should be fixed when scrolling vertically through a table with a specified maximal height. This attribute has no effect when the maxheight attribute of the table is set to none. A cell of a table row. Individual horizontal alignment of this cell. If this attribute is set, it takes precedence over the align attribute in the colspec element for the column containing this cell. Individual vertical alignment of this cell. If this attribute is set, it takes precedence over the valign attribute of the row element containing this cell. A table consisting of rows and cells. The table layout can be changed with the optional colspecs element. Contains layout specifications of the table columns in a table. Every table element can have its own colspecs element. The colspec child elements appearing in this element describe the layout of columns in that table. Every such element is responsible for one column. Element used to specify the layout of one column in a table. The number of the column in the table, from top to bottom starting with one, that this colspec element will affect. Horizontal alignment of the cells in this column. Can be overwritten for an individual cell in this column by setting the align attribute of the cell element to a different value. Minimum width of the column as length percentage value or "auto", which means that the application will calculate and select a minimum width. Maximum width of the column as length percentage value or "none", which means there should be no limit on the width of the column. Whether or not this column should be fixed when scrolling horizontally through the table. This feature is only supported on the first (left most) column. When this attribute is set to a value other than none, the table will be sorted accordingly by this column when the page is loaded as long as the table is specified as sortable by the sortable attribute on the table. When this attribute is set on more than one column, the column with the highest column number that has this attribute set will be chosen as sort column. A way to sort a table by a column. Sort in ascending order by the inner text of the column entry. Sort in descending order by the inner text of the column entry. Controls whether this table should have a border. Bestimmt, ob die Tabelle einen Rand haben soll. Whether or not the backgrounds of the rows of this table should be alternating between a light and dark color. When set to auto, the application will apply a default behavior. Whether or not the user is allowed to sort the table by a column of his or her choice. Bestimmt, ob die Tabelle vom Benutzer nach einer auswählbaren Spalte sortiert werden darf. Maximum height of the table. The special value "none" means that the height of the table will be automatically calculated from its content. Maximale Höhe der Tabelle. Der Spezialwert "none" bedeutet, dass die Höhe der Tabelle automatisch aus ihrem Inhalt ermittelt wird. Number of credit points the user gets deducted for an incorrect solution of this input field. When this attribute is not set, the following default behavior applies: For input fields containing boolean input values, the default penalty is one, or, if the element is contained in a booleangroup, the default penalty specified in the booleangroup applies. For all other input elements, the default penalty is zero. Name of the model to use for values in this input field. If this attribute is not set, the default input model is used. Whether or not the correctness of the user input in this input element should be checked by the player. This is set to true by default. Gibt an, ob die Korrektheit der Benutzereingabe in diesem Eingabeelement vom Player überprüft werden soll. Diese Einstellung ist standardmäßig aktiviert. Number of failed attempts (checking of an incorrect value) after which the user is allowed to see the content of the solutionhint element associated with this input element. If there is no "solutionhint" element associated to this input element, then the attribute has no effect. Anzahl der Fehlversuche (Überprüfungen von falschen Eingaben) nach denen der Benutzer den Inhalt des Lösungshinweises, der an dieses Element gebunden ist, anzeigen darf. Falls kein Lösungshinweis an dieses Element gebunden ist, das das Attribut keine Auswirkungen. This element marks its content as a label for the input element specified with the "for" attribute. This improves the accessibility of the course. Moreover, for boolean input fields, the user can click on the label in addition to the input field itself to change the value of the input field. Name of the input element which this label describes. Name des Eingabefeldes, welches durch dieses Element beschrieben wird. A button that can reference a part of the course. Buttons may not contain other reference elements. Name of the target element in the course to which the user is directed when clicking the button. Name des Zielelements im Kurs, zu welchem der Nutzer geleitet wird, wenn er auf den Knopf drückt. Inline element for an input field in which the user can input a value that is checked against the specified solution. Whether or not the input field is completely solved by the user. Type of the input field. This is the name of the input value element inside this element. Desired width of this input element. The special value "auto" means that the width of the element will be calculated automatically. Gewünschte Breite des Eingabefeldes. Der Spezialwert "auto" bedeutet, dass die Breite automatisch bestimmt wird. Block element for user input in which the user has to solve specific problems. Horizontal alignment of the content of this input element. Horizontale Ausrichtung des Inhalts in diesem Eingabeelement. Number of credit points the user gets awarded for this input value. Name of the model to use for this input value. If this attribute is not set, the input model associated to the input field containing this input value is used. Describes a valid number that can be used as base for a standard positional number system with digits and Latin characters. Since there are 9 distinct digits and 26 distinct characters in the Latin alphabet, all integers between 1 and 35 are valid base numbers. A unit prefix as defined in the SI unit system. Yotta, denoting a factor of 1024. Zetta, denoting a factor of 1021. Exa, denoting a factor of 1018. Peta, denoting a factor of 1015. Tera, denoting a factor of 1012. Giga, denoting a factor of 109. Mega, denoting a factor of 106. Kilo, denoting a factor of 103. Hecto, denoting a factor of 102. Deca, denoting a factor of 10. Deci, denoting a factor of 10-1. Centi, denoting a factor of 10-2. Milli, denoting a factor of 10-3. Micro, denoting a factor of 10-6. Nano, denoting a factor of 10-9. Pico, denoting a factor of 10-12. Femto, denoting a factor of 10-15. Atto, denoting a factor of 10-18. Zepto, denoting a factor of 10-21. Yocto, denoting a factor of 10-24. A space-separated list of unit prefixes (such as "k m d"). A symbol of a physical unit. Shorthand for all seven SI base units (s, m, kg A, K, mol and cd). Shorthand for all SI units that are not base units. This is the opposite of SIbase. Second Meter Kilogram Ampere Kelvin Mole Candela Gram Radian Steradian Hertz Newton Pascal Joule Watt Coulomb Volt Farad Ohm Siemens Weber Tesla Henry Celsius Lumen Lux Becquerel Gray Sievert Katal Minute Hour Day Bell A space-separated list of unit symbols. Type of a chemical reaction. A reaction that should be displayed as chemical equilibrium (⇌). A reaction that should be displayed as a net foward reaction (→). A reaction that should be displayed as a reverse reaction (←). Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for string input fields. Controls whether or not the string field should be displayed like an item of a cloze test. When set, limits the characters that the user may use to the characters occuring in the given string. Minimum length of the string that the user may enter. Maximum length of the string that the user may enter. Maximale Länge der Zeichenkette, die der Benutzer in das Eingabefeld eingeben darf. Whether or not the solution should be checked in a case sensitive way or not. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed characters when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed minimal length when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed maximal length when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not whitespace at the beginning and end of the string (both the user input and the solution string) should be ignored. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for order input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for matching input fields. Model element in which settings of drag items of matching input elements can be changed. Whether or not the drag items should be randomly shuffled each time the page is loaded. Decides how often the user can use each drag item in the matching problem. Model element in which settings of drop items of matching input elements can be changed. Whether or not the drop items should be randomly shuffled each time the page is loaded. Decides how often the user can use each drop item in the matching problem. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for boolean input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for choice input fields. Whether or not the available options should be shuffled randomly each time the page is loaded. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for number input fields. Base of the standard positional number system in which the number is expected from the user and written in the solution. Minimum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that have to appear in the users input. Maximum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Minimum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. Maximum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for exponential input fields. The base which is used to describe the number. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. When set to true, the mantissa in the user input must be between 1.0 (inclusive) and 10.0 (exclusive) for the input to be correct. When set to true, the exponent in the user input must be a whole number divisible by 3 for the input to be correct. Settings element inside the exponential input model which is used to specify attributes for the mantissa of exponential input fields. Minimum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that have to appear in the users input. Maximum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Minimum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. Maximum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. Settings element inside the exponential input model which is used to specify attributes for the exponent of exponential input fields. Minimum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that have to appear in the users input. Maximum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Minimum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. Maximum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for expression input fields. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that are allowed to appear in the expression or the special value "all", which means that all types are allowed. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that are forbidden to occur in the expression. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that have to appear exactly once in the expression. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that are allowed for the root node of the expression, or the special value "all" which means that all types are allowed for the root element. If this attribute is set to true, the expression entered by the user must be simplified for this field to be correct. This means that the collections of node types and node values appearing in the user expression tree and the expression tree of its simplification must agree without order but with counting. If this attribute is set to true, the expression entered by the user must be fully expanded for this field to be correct. This means that the collections of node types and node values appearing in the user expression tree and the expression tree of its expanded form must agree without order but with counting. The test mode defines in what way the expression entered by the user is compared with the expression in the solution. By default, they must be equal. An expression test mode defines in what way the expression entered by the user in an expression field is compared with the expression in the solution. A simple test mode two compare an expression entered by the user with the solution of an expression input field. Test whether the expression entered by the user and the solution expression yield the same values for all variable values. Test whether the expression entered by the user is structurally equal to the solution expression. This means that the collections of node types and node values appearing in the user expression tree and the solution expression tree must agree without order but with counting. A test mode for an expression input field where the user expression and the solution expression must have the same derivatives. It must be a string of the form "derivative by x" where "x" is the variable with respect to which the derivatives shall be taken. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for set input fields. Minimum number of elements that the user may put into the set. Maximum number of elements that the user may put into the set or "unbounded", which means that there should be no upper bound on the size of the set. Whitespace-separated list of allowed element types that the user may put into this set or "auto", which means that the system will look for all element types that appear in the solution and allow only these. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed minimum size of the set when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed maximum size of the set when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed element types in the set when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for vector input fields. Minimum number of components in this vector. Maximum number of components in this vector or the special value "unbounded", which means that there is no upper bound on the size of the vector. Initial number of components in this vector that are already there when the user loads the page. When this attribute is set to auto, the default size is the size of the first vector written as solution in this input value element. Type of the vector (column vector or row vector). Type of a vector (column vector or row vector). Column vector Row vector Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for matrix input fields. Minimum number of rows that the user is allowed to put in the matrix. Maximum number of rows that the user is allowed to put in the matrix. Initial number of rows in this matrix that are already there when the user loads the page. When this attribute is set to auto, the matrix initially has as many rows as the first matrix written as solution in this input value element. Minimum number of columns that the user is allowed to put in the matrix. Maximum number of columns that the user is allowed to put in the matrix. Initial number of columns in this matrix that are already there when the user loads the page. When this attribute is set to auto, the matrix initially has as many columns as the first matrix written as solution in this input value element. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for interval input fields. Specifies the correct type of the interval. This decides which of its endpoints should belong to it. Specifies whether the interval type should be already filled in for the user with the type defined in the "closed" attribute. If this attribute is set to true, the user can not change the interval type. Otherwise, the user has to specify the interval type on his or her own. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for linearspan input fields. Maximum number of vectors that are allowed to be present in the collection of spanning vectors entered by the user in order for this field to be correct. Minimum number of vectors that have to be present in the collection of spanning vectors entered by the user in order for this field to be correct. Whether or not the vectors entered by the user must be linearly independent, in addition to the other conditions, for this input field to be correct. Gibt an, ob die vom Nutzer eingegebenen Vektoren, zusätzlich zu den anderen Bedingungen, linear unabhängig sein müssen, damit dieses Eingabefeld als richtig ausgefüllt gilt. Whether or not the vectors entered by the user must be pairwise orthogonal with respect to the standard inner product, in addition to the other conditions, for this input field to be correct. Gibt an, ob die vom Nutzer eingegebenen Vektoren, zusätzlich zu den anderen Bedingungen, paarweise orthogonal bezüglich des Standardskalarproduktes sein müssen, damit dieses Eingabefeld als richtig ausgefüllt gilt. Whether or not the vectors entered by the user must be normed, that is, have Euclidean length one, in addition to the other conditions, for this input field to be correct. Gibt an, ob die vom Nutzer eingegebenen Vektoren, zusätzlich zu den anderen Bedingungen, die Euklidische Länge Eins haben müssen, damit dieses Eingabefeld als richtig ausgefüllt gilt. When this attribute is set to true, the user must select and find out the size of the vectors in the subspace (their number of components) on his or her own. Otherwise, the size is fixed as in the solution. Bestimmt darüber, ob der Nutzer die Größe der Vektoren im Unterraum selbst herausfinden muss und einstellen kann. Wenn das Attribut deaktiviert ist, ist die Größe der Vektoren fest vorgegeben wie in der Lösung. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for affinespace input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for unit input fields. Whitespace-separated list of unit symbols that the user is allowed to use, or the special value "all", which means that all unit symbols are allowed. Whitespace-separated list of unit symbols that the user is forbidden to use. Whitespace-separated list of unit prefixes that the user is allowed to use, or the special value "all", which means that all unit prefixes are allowed. Whether or not to give live hints about the list of allowed unit symbols when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the list of forbidden unit symbols when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the list of allowed unit prefixes when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Either the special value none or a whitespace-separated list of preferred unit values. When such a list of unit values is given, the user is expected to enter exactly one of these. If a unit value which is equivalent to the solution is entered but which is not in the list, a warning is shown to the user but the input field is considered correct. When set to a value different to none, this attribute defines the number of significant digits that are expected from the user in order for the input to be correct. The significant digits are counted from left to right. The treatment of trailing zeros in whole numbers in the user input can be controlled with the signifciancecheck attribute. Controls whether, when the significant attribute is set to a value different to none, trailing zeros in whole numbers in the user input should be counted as significant whenever this makes the input correct (lax mode) or not (strict mode). When set to a value different to none, this attribute defines the number of significant digits that are expected from the user in order for the input to be correct. The significant digits are counted from left to right. The treatment of trailing zeros in whole numbers in the user input can be controlled with the significancecheck attribute. Controls whether, when the significant attribute is set to a value different to none, trailing zeros in whole numbers in the user input should be counted as significant whenever this makes the input correct (lax mode) or not (strict mode). Check mode that decides how the significance of a user input is checked against the wanted significance specified in the input field. In the lax mode, trailing zeros in whole numbers in the user input are counted as significant whenever this makes the input correct. This essentially means that the significance of the user input is considered as a set of digit numbers instead of a single number of digits and the system chooses the best fitting one. In the strict mode, trailing zeros in whole numbers in the user input are always counted as non-significant. This means that the significance of the user input is always a well-defined number of digits that has to agree exactly with the wanted significance specified in the input field. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for quantity input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for molecular input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for reaction input fields. The settings related to educts and products (such as the fixing of their numbers) can be specified by adding the respective child element and specifying the attributes there. Describes the type of the chemical reaction. This decides what symbol is placed between the educts and the products. Whether or not the user should be force to reduce the entered coefficients in this reaction to the smallest possible positive integers. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for source code input fields. Controls what kind of source code input is expected: Multiple source code files (project), only one source code file (file), several functions (functions) or statements (statements). Input value inside an input element representing a string, such as "Hello World!". By the default, the user input and the solution string are trimmed (whitespace at the beginning and end is removed) before they are compared. This can be changed with the trim attribute. Whitespace in the middle of the string is respected both in the solution and the user input. Newline characters are ignored and cannot be inserted by the user. String entered by the user. The minlength attribute value of a string element must be less than or equal to the maxlength attribute value. Controls whether or not the string field should be displayed like an item of a cloze test. When set, limits the characters that the user may use to the characters occuring in the given string. Minimum length of the string that the user may enter. Maximum length of the string that the user may enter. Whether or not the solution should be checked in a case sensitive way or not. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed characters when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed minimal length when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed maximal length when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not whitespace at the beginning and end of the string (both the user input and the solution string) should be ignored. Input value representing a boolean value, either "true" or "false". The boolean valued entered by the user. Input value representing a choice out of several options. The number (starting with 1) of the item which the user has chosen. Whether or not the available options should be shuffled randomly each time the page is loaded. An option of a choice input value. Number of credits the users gets awarded for enabling this option. Whether or not this option is a correct solution of the input field. Input value element in which the user has to bring several items in a correct order. Permutation entered by the user. Each item of the array is a number (starting with 1) of the orderitem. This length of the array is equal to the number of orderitems.

A

B

C

D

 1 2 3 1 4 ]]> Contains the items of an order input value. An item of an order or matching input value. Contains the chains of an order input value. A chain of an order input value. Every item whose index appears in a chain before another item must be put before that item by the user. Number of credit points the user gets awarded for ordering the items in compliance with this chain. A space-separated list of one or more order or matching input value item indices. A space-separated list of positive integers. Input value element in which the user has to drag items to so-called drop items. For every correct match, the users gets a specified number of credits. Array of pairs. Each pair represents a matching entered by the user. The first item of a pair is the number of the dragitem and the second item is the number of the dropitem. The number of the dragitems and dropitems both start with 1.

Red

Green

Blue

(255,0,0)

(0,255,0)

(0,0,255)

(255,255,255)

 1 1 2 2 3 3 ]]> Contains the drag items of a matching input value. Whether or not the drag items should be randomly shuffled each time the page is loaded. Decides how often the user can use each drag item in the matching problem. Contains the drop items of a matching input value. Whether or not the drop items should be randomly shuffled each time the page is loaded. Decides how often the user can use each drop item in the matching problem. Contains all the correct matches (pairs of drag and drop item numbers starting from 1) of a matching input value. Describes a correct match between a drag and a drop item of a matching input value. The content of this element must consist of two numbers separated by a space character. The first number is the drag item number and the second number is the drop item number, as defined in the parent matching element. 1 2]]> Number of credit points the user gets awarded for matching the two items. A space-separated list of exactly two numbers: a drag item number followed by a drop item number. Input value representing a number. The correct number can be either given as a direct value such as "-20.123" or as an expression that can also involve parameters defined in this containers. The expression is interpreted by the Computer Algebra System and must evaluate to a number. It is possible to specify a different base than the standard base 10. All integers between 1 and 35 are valid bases. Note that both the input from the user and the value written in the solution are interpreted as numbers with respect to the base in use. Number entered into the input field by the user. Base of the standard positional number system in which the number is expected from the user and written in the solution. Minimum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that have to appear in the users input. Maximum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Minimum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. Maximum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. Input value representing a number in exponential notation, such as "-2.01 * 10^5". Here, the number "-2.01" is called the mantissa, "10" the base and "5" the exponent. Total result of the exponential expression entered by the user (mantissa * base ^ exponent). Mantissa entered by the user. Exponent entered by the user. Base number as defined in the input field. This is not part of the user input. The base which is used to describe the number. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. When set to true, the mantissa in the user input must be a single digit between 1 and 9 for the input to be correct. When set to true, the exponent in the user input must be a whole number divisible by 3 for the input to be correct. The coefficient before the base power in an exponential input value element. Minimum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that have to appear in the users input. Maximum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Minimum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. Maximum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. The exponent of an exponential input value element. Minimum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that have to appear in the users input. Maximum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Minimum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. Maximum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. A space-separated list of expression node types. Type of a node in a binary expression tree. For example, the expression 1+x is parsed into a tree with a "sum" node as root that has two child nodes of type "number" and "variable". A number written in positional notation, possibly with a sign. A constant like pi. A variable like x. Operator of the form a!. Operator of the form -a. Operator of the form abs(a). Operator of the form sqrt(a). Operator of the form sin(a). Operator of the form cos(a). Operator of the form tan(a). Operator of the form sinh(a). Operator of the form cosh(a). Operator of the form tanh(a). Operator of the form sinh(a). Operator of the form cosh(a). Operator of the form tanh(a). Operator of the form exp(a). Operator of the form log(a). Operator of the form log10(a). Operator of the form a^b. Operator of the form a*b. Operator of the form a/b. Operator of the form a+b. Operator of the form a-b.

Input value representing a mathematical expression, such as "2*x+1". The expression is parsed into a binary tree consisting of nodes that are either leafs or operators. There are the following types of leaf nodes:

  • number (such as 1.222 or -5.55)
  • constant (such as pi)
  • variable (such as x or alpha, every alphabetic string which is not a predefined symbol)

Additionally, there are the following types of operators, ordered by precedence from higher to lower. Operators on the same line have the same precedence and are processed from left to right:

  • faculty (a!)
  • negation (-a)
  • functions: absolute value (abs(a)), square root (sqrt(a)) and other functions
  • power (a^b)
  • product (a*b), fraction (a/b)
  • sum (a+b), difference (a-b)

Leaf nodes are considered to have the highest precedence. For example, the expression -2.22 is parsed into a single number node, while the expression -x is parsed into a tree with a negation node as root node and one node for the variable x as child node.

The user may use brackets to change the order of operators. For example, the expression -(2.22) is parsed into a tree whose root is a negation node.

The multiplication sign must always be written out when a multiplication is meant. For example, 2xy is an invalid expression but 2*x*y is valid.

Original unmodified expression entered by the user. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that are allowed to appear in the expression or the special value "all", which means that all types are allowed. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that are forbidden to occur in the expression. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that have to appear exactly once in the expression. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that are allowed for the root node of the expression, or the special value "all" which means that all types are allowed for the root element. If this attribute is set to true, the expression entered by the user must be simplified for this field to be correct. This means that the collections of node types and node values appearing in the user expression tree and the expression tree of its simplification must agree without order but with counting. If this attribute is set to true, the expression entered by the user must be fully expanded for this field to be correct. This means that the collections of node types and node values appearing in the user expression tree and the expression tree of its expanded form must agree without order but with counting. The test mode defines in what way the expression entered by the user is compared with the expression in the solution. By default, they must be equal. Input value representing a set those elements are either text, number, expression, set, vector, matrix or interval values. For example, {1,2,3} is a set of numbers and {{1},{}} is a set of sets. The type of the element values in a set may not be mixed. Array of the set elements entered by the user. Each item is a dictionary with the items "type" and "value". The minsize attribute value of a set element must be less than or equal to the maxsize attribute value. Minimum number of elements that the user may put into the set. Maximum number of elements that the user may put into the set or "unbounded", which means that there should be no upper bound on the size of the set. Whitespace-separated list of allowed element types that the user may put into this set or "auto", which means that the system will look for all element types that appear in the solution and allow only these. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed minimum size of the set when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed maximum size of the set when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed element types in the set when the user has not yet submitted the input value. A list of input value types that can appear in a set. Describes a type of input elements that can appear in a set. Number elements. Exponential elements. Expression elements. Set elements with any content. Note that it is currently not possible to restrict this type further. Vector elements with any content. Vector elements with only expression elements as content. Vector elements with only number elements as content. Vector elements with only number elements as content. Matrix elements with any content. Matrix elements with only expression elements as content. Matrix elements with only number elements as content. Matrix elements with only number elements as content. Interval elements. Interval element with only expression elements as bounds. Interval elements with only number elements as bounds. String elements. Input value representing a vector of either numbers of mathematical expressions. It is not allowed to mix these two input value types in one vector, that is, if one component of the vector is an expression, then all components of the vector have to be expressions. Vector entered by the user. In the case of expression elements inside the vector, this property holds an array of strings instead of doubles. Minimum number of components in this vector. Maximum number of components in this vector or the special value "unbounded", which means that there is no upper bound on the size of the vector. Initial number of components in this vector that are already there when the user loads the page. When this attribute is set to auto, the default size is the size of the first vector written as solution in this input value element. Type of the vector (column vector or row vector). Input value representing a matrix of numbers or expressions. A matrix has to consist either only of numbers or only of expressions. The user may add or remove columns in the matrix. Matrix entered by the user. In the case of expression elements inside the matrix, this property holds a two-dimensional array of strings instead of doubles. A matrix has to consist either only of numbers or only of expressions. The two types shall not be mixed inside a matrix. Minimum number of rows that the user is allowed to put in the matrix. Maximum number of rows that the user is allowed to put in the matrix. Initial number of rows in this matrix that are already there when the user loads the page. When this attribute is set to auto, the matrix initially has as many rows as the first matrix written as solution in this input value element. Minimum number of columns that the user is allowed to put in the matrix. Maximum number of columns that the user is allowed to put in the matrix. Initial number of columns in this matrix that are already there when the user loads the page. When this attribute is set to auto, the matrix initially has as many columns as the first matrix written as solution in this input value element. A row of a matrix input value. Specifies the type of an interval. Interval of type [a;b]. Interval of type [a;b). Interval of type (a;b). Interval of type (a;b]. Input value representing an interval, such as "[2;10)", those endpoints are numbers or expressions. The lower and upper bounds of the interval as entered by the user as an array of doubles. Note that Infinity is regarded as a valid value of the double type. Closure of the interval as entered by the user. One of "open", "closedopen", "openclosed" or "closed". Specifies the correct type of the interval. This decides which of its endpoints should belong to it. Specifies whether the interval type should be already filled in for the user with the type defined in the "closed" attribute. If this attribute is set to true, the user can not change the interval type. Otherwise, the user has to specify the interval type on his or her own. Input value where the user has to enter a collection of vectors in a vector space R^n for some fixed n. The input field is correct if the collection of vectors entered by the user span the same linear subspace of R^n as the vectors written in the solution of this input field, all of which must have the same size n. The trivial linear subspace can be represented in the solution with a vector consisting only of zeros. By the language defaults, the user is only allowed to enter vectors of size n into the field, where n is taken from the solution. This can be changed with the flexvectorsize attribute. A vector in a linear span has to consist of numbers only. All vectors in a linear span must have the same size. Attribute minvectorcount must be less than or equal to maxvectorcount. The spanning vectors entered by the user as an array of coordinate vectors. Maximum number of vectors that are allowed to be present in the collection of spanning vectors entered by the user in order for this field to be correct. Minimum number of vectors that have to be present in the collection of spanning vectors entered by the user in order for this field to be correct. Whether or not the vectors entered by the user must be linearly independent, in addition to the other conditions, for this input field to be correct. Gibt an, ob die vom Nutzer eingegebenen Vektoren, zusätzlich zu den anderen Bedingungen, linear unabhängig sein müssen, damit dieses Eingabefeld als richtig ausgefüllt gilt. Whether or not the vectors entered by the user must be pairwise orthogonal with respect to the standard inner product, in addition to the other conditions, for this input field to be correct. Gibt an, ob die vom Nutzer eingegebenen Vektoren, zusätzlich zu den anderen Bedingungen, paarweise orthogonal bezüglich des Standardskalarproduktes sein müssen, damit dieses Eingabefeld als richtig ausgefüllt gilt. Whether or not the vectors entered by the user must be normed, that is, have Euclidean length one, in addition to the other conditions, for this input field to be correct. Gibt an, ob die vom Nutzer eingegebenen Vektoren, zusätzlich zu den anderen Bedingungen, die Euklidische Länge Eins haben müssen, damit dieses Eingabefeld als richtig ausgefüllt gilt. When this attribute is set to true, the user must select and find out the size of the vectors in the subspace (their number of components) on his or her own. Otherwise, the size is fixed as in the solution. Bestimmt darüber, ob der Nutzer die Größe der Vektoren im Unterraum selbst herausfinden muss und einstellen kann. Wenn das Attribut deaktiviert ist, ist die Größe der Vektoren fest vorgegeben wie in der Lösung. Input value where the user has to enter an affine subspace U = P + V of R^n by entering a point P of U and the direction space V of U. The direction space V is a linear subspace of R^n that is given as the linear span of some vectors entered by the user. The point P and the linear subspace V must lie in the same vector space R^n for this field to have a correct solution. The value of n is deduced from the point in the solution and the user is only allowed to enter vectors of size n into this field. The base point and the direction space of an affine space must lie in the same vector space. The point of the affine space entered by the user as coordinate vector. The vectors spanning the direction subspace of the affine space entered by the user. Input value representing unit or a combination of units, such as "kg" or "m*s^-2". Unit entered by the user. The format is the same as in the XML file. Whitespace-separated list of unit symbols that the user is allowed to use, or the special value "all", which means that all unit symbols are allowed. Whitespace-separated list of unit symbols that the user is forbidden to use. Whitespace-separated list of unit prefixes that the user is allowed to use, or the special value "all", which means that all unit prefixes are allowed. Whether or not to give live hints about the list of allowed unit symbols when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the list of forbidden unit symbols when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the list of allowed unit prefixes when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Either the special value none or a whitespace-separated list of preferred unit values. When such a list of unit values is given, the user is expected to enter exactly one of these. If a unit value which is equivalent to the solution is entered but which is not in the list, a warning is shown to the user but the input field is considered correct. A string representing the unit of a physical quantity, such as "kg" or "m*s^-1". It must be a sequence of unit symbols separated by *. No whitespace is allowed. Every unit symbol consists of an optional prefix (such as k, m or μ) followed by an actual unit (such as m, mol or ohm). Furthermore, after every unit symbol one may optionally write ^ followed by a number. For example, "mmol^2*kg*μcd^-2" is a valid unit string but "μμ^2" is not valid. Quantities without any unit can be represented in this element with the empty string. A whitespace-separated list of unit values. Input value representing a physical quantity: A combination of a number and a unit, such as "2*kg". The numeric value of the quantity input value element. In the case of an exponential element inside this element, this property is computed from the mantissa, base and exponent. The unit entered by the user. The format is the same as in the XML file. An molecular formula input value, such as "H2O". H2O]]> Molecular formular as entered by the user. The format is the same as in the XML file. A molecular formula, such as "H2O", "CH3OOH" or "Ca3(PO4)2". Shows a chemical reaction to the user and prompts him to enter correct stoichiometric coefficients for the reagents that result in a balanced reaction. Each coefficient must be a positive integer. The products of the reaction (left part of the chemical reaction). The coefficients of the products of the chemical reaction. The educts of the reaction (right part of the chemical reaction). The coefficients of the educts of the chemical reaction. CH4 O2 H2O CO2 ]]> Describes the type of the chemical reaction. This decides what symbol is placed between the educts and the products. Whether or not the user should be force to reduce the entered coefficients in this reaction to the smallest possible positive integers. Contains the list of all educts of a chemical reaction. If the number of educts of the reaction should be fixed and revealed to the user as given in the solution. When set to false, the number of educts must be found out. Settings element inside the reaction input model which is used to specify settings related to the educts. If the number of educts of the reaction should be fixed and revealed to the user as given in the solution. When set to false, the number of educts must be found out. Contains the list of all products of a chemical reaction. If the number of products of the reaction should be fixed and revealed to the user as given in the solution. When set to false, the number of products must be found out. Settings element inside the reaction input model which is used to specify settings related to the products. If the number of products of the reaction should be fixed and revealed to the user as given in the solution. When set to false, the number of products must be found out. A molecule that takes part in a chemical reaction given by a molecular formular. The format is the same as for the molecular element. H2O]]> Provides a predefined and fixed coefficient that will be used and displayed for this molecule. If this attribute is not set, the user must enter the coefficient of this molecule on his or her own. Specifies whether the molecular formular (not the coefficient) should be fixed and shown to the user. If this attribute is enabled, the molecular formular is shown to the user and cannot be changed by the user. Otherwise, the user must enter the molecular formular. Calculates a number or mathematical expression from a given input expression. The input expression is processed by the Computer Algebra System (CAS) and can involve parameters that are defined by the "parameter" element in the surrounding container. These are then replaced by the values of the respective parameters. All other variables in the input expression are treated as unknown variables. When the "calc" element is contained in an "m" element, its output is LaTeX code. Otherwise, the output of this element is in a simple arithmetic format specific to the CAS where fractions are written in the format a/b and multiplication is written a*b. 1 2

What are the zeros of the polynomial 2*a+x?

]]> Whether or not the result of the calculation should be simplified. Gibt an, ob das Ergebnis der Berechnung vereinfacht werden soll. Decides in what format numbers should appear in the output of this element. Can either be one of "fractions" or "decimals" or a value of the form "decimals n" where n is the number of places after the decimal separator that should be shown. Das Zahlenformat, welches für Zahlen in der Ausgabe dieses Elements benutzt werden soll. Der Wert muss "fractions" oder "decimals" sein oder ein Wert der Form "decimals n", wobei n die Anzahl der Nachkommastellen ist, die angezeigt werden sollen. Controls whether trailing zeros should be displayed when the numberformat attribute is set to display a fixed number of places. Bestimmt ob Nullen als hinterste Stellen im Nachkommaanteil der Zahl angezeigt werden sollen, wenn das Zahlenformat mit dem numberformat Attribut auf eine feste Anzahl Stellen eingestellt ist. Format in which a number is displayed. Can either be one of "fractions" or "decimals" or a value of the form "decimals n" where n is the number of places after the decimal separator that should be shown. Format numbers as fractions. Format numbers as decimal numbers. Same as xs:decimal, expect that the value must be strictly greater than 0. Same as xs:decimal, expect that the value must be greater than or equal to 0. A hint to a solution consisting of one or multiple steps. This element can be linked to an input element by setting to attribute to the name of an "input", "inputblock" or "booleangroup" element on the same page in which the solution hint is defined. It then appears only as side note to this input element and not in the position of the text where it is placed itself. If the to attribute is not set, then this element appears as a collapsable box exactly where it is placed in the text. Solution hints are not displayed during tests. When set, links this solution hint to the input element of the page with the given name. Must be the name of an "input", "inputblock" or "booleangroup" element. Wenn dieses Attribut gesetzt ist, wird der Lösungshinweis an das Eingabeelement der Seite gebunden, welches den Namen hat, der im Attribut angegeben ist. Es muss sich um den Namen eines "input", "inputblock" oder "booleangroup" Elements handeln. Whether the steps of this element should be displayed in sequence (sequence) or with several steps visible at once where the new ones are appended below the last one (append). Mode in which the steps of a solutionhint element are displayed. Display the steps in sequence, one after another. Only one step is visible at a time. Append every new step below the last one. Several steps can be visible at once. A collapsable help block that consists of one or multiple steps. This element can be used to give the user help on how to solve an exercise or to give technical assistance with the course. Whether or not the help block should be initially open or not. A step of a solution hint or a help block. A block element whose purpose is to group together boolean input fields into single or multiple choice questions. It affects all input elements with boolean values inside this element. The minselection attribute value of a booleangroup element must be less than or equal to the maxselection attribute value. Minimum number of boolean inputs the user has to select in this boolean group before he or she can check his or her results. Maximum number of boolean inputs the user can select in this boolean group and still check his or her results. When set to a value different to none, this specifies the number of correctly selected boolean inputs in this boolean group that the user has to select in order for the boolean group to count as correct. If this attribute is set to none, the user is expected to select all boolean inputs in the group marked as correct. Total maximal number of credit points the user can earn in this boolean group from boolean input fields. Total maximal number of credit points the user can get deducted in this boolean group from boolean input fields. Whether to give the user only feedback about the correctness of the group result (group) or about all individual boolean fields (detailed). Specifies the default penalty of all boolean input fields inside this booleangroup. Whether or not all boolean input fields contained in this boolean group should be displayed as toggleable regions. If there are labels associated to these input fields, then they are part of the toggleable regions. Enumeration that decides about the type of feedback for input groups which the user receives when checking his or her results. Only give feedback about the correctness of the whole group. Give feedback about the correctness of the whole group and all individual input fields. A string group element allows to user to see all the solutions of string input fields contained in the string group and to drag them onto these fields. The solutions are shuffled randomly and shown as a list of draggable boxes below the content of the string group. All block and inline elements contained the string group are displayed as usual in addition to the list of solutions.

A length consists of a decimal number followed by a unit, such as 20px, 150.75em or 22.5ex. The following units are allowed:

  • px: Pixels
  • cm: Centimeters
  • in: Inches
  • em: Unit equal to the em quad size of the font typeface of the current element.
  • ex: Unit equal to the x-height of the font typeface of the current element.

Additionally, the zero value 0 is allowed without any unit as a special case. No whitespace or newline characters are allowed.

Each such value is a valid element of the CSS length data type according to the CSS4 specification, but the CSS4 specification allows more units.

Either a length, such as 20px or 5.5ex, or a decimal number followed by a percentage sign, such as 50% or 25.75%. Percentage values are relative to the parent element of the concerned element.

No whitespace or newline characters are allowed.

Each such value is a valid element of the CSS length-percentage data type according to the CSS4 specification, but the CSS4 specification allows more length units.

 Type whose only value is "auto". This specifies that the corresponding attribute should have a smart default value or be automatically calculated based on other values by the application. Value should be automatically determined. Type whose only value is "none". This specifies the absense of a value. Value is absent. Type whose only value is "unbounded". This is used to specify that some value should not have an upper bound. Value has no upper bound. Type whose only value is "all". This is used to specify the whole of some collection. Include all available elements in the collection. A whitespace-separated list of tags.