Root element of the course. Version of the education markup language that this course is written in. Must match the language version of this schema. Contains all global course settings. Sets the default variant of the course by specifying its language. Contains one or more style assignments to elements with specified roles. ]]> Assigns a list of style declarations to all elements with a specified role. font-weight: bold; ]]> The role which an element must have in order for the style setting specified in this element to apply. A string representing zero or more style declarations, each one terminated by a semicolon. A style declaration consists of a named property followed by colon followed by the property value. For example, "color: blue;" or "color: red; font-weight: bold;" are valid style declarations. Defines the settings for input elements in this course. A group of settings for input elements that can be enabled by using the model attribute on input elements. If the name attribute is not set, this input model describes the default input model. Name of this input model. If this is not set, this input model describes the default input model. A format for the automatic generation of labels. No labels. 1,2,3,4,5... i,ii,iii,iv,v... I,II,III,IV,V... a,b,c,d,e,... A,B,C,D,E,... α,β,γ,δ,ε,... Use bullet points as labels. Use dots as labels. Use dashed as labels. A variant of the course for a specified language. Language of this course variant according to RFC 5646, must be unique among all course variants in this course. The radix point is the symbol used to separate the integer part from the fractional part of a number in a number input field. When this is set to the special value auto, the application will automatically select a radix point based on the language of this course variant. Symbol used to separate the integer part from the fractional part of a number written in a standard positional number system. Dot (.) Comma (,) Title of either a course variant, a page, a container or a panel. Alternative short version of the title that can be used in situations where the full title can not be displayed. Contains all information about the navigation menu of a course variant. Whether or not the automatically generated labels of a navigation item should include the full numbering of all of its parent navigation items or only its number in the list of the children of its parent. A list of one or more navigation items or tests in the navigation menu. Format used for the automatically generated label of the navigation items in this list. Separator used in the automatically generated label of the navigation items in this list. Controls whether the last separator should be shown in the automatically generated label of the navigation items in this list. A Test is a special part of the navigation menu which consists of one or more test items. Each test item links to a test page that must be worked through by the user in order to complete the test. A list of one or more test items. An item of a test that links to a specific page, which the user must work through as part of the test. The horizontal length by which subitems should be indented as length value or "auto", which means that the application will indent by a default length, which is guaranteed to be strictly greater than 0. One item in the navigation menu of the course variant. Name of this navigation item, must be unique among all names in this course variant. Whitespace-separated list of tags that this navigation item should have. Whitespace-separated list of special roles that this navigation item should have. Allowed roles are "learnpath", "home", "impressum" and/or "privacy". Whether or not this navigation item should be visible for the user. Whether or not this navigation item increases the counter for the automatically generated labels. Custom label of this navigation item, overrides any automatically generated labels. A whitespace-separated list of navigation item roles. A special role that a navigation item may have. Marks the navigation item as learn path. Marks the navigation item as starting page. Marks the navigation item as impressum. Marks the navigation item as privacy site. Contains all pages of a course variant. One page in the course, consists of an optional title and a sequence of containers. Name of this page, must be unique among all names in this course variant. Whitespace-separated list of tags for this page. Defines a parameter whose value will be randomly chosen each time the page is reloaded. The parameter can be used in all calculate elements and input elements inside the container in which it is defined. Each time the page is reloaded, one of the value generators defined as child elements of this element is randomly chosen and called to generate a new parameter value. Parameters can be defined at the start of each box and are only accessible inside the box in which they are defined. The following parameter can take the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 20: 1 5 20 ]]> Defines the identifier by which this parameter can be referred to in all calculate and input elements inside the surrounding box. Must be unique among all parameters defined in the surrounding box. Defines the weight of this parameter value generator among all value generators specified for the parameter. Generates a single value for a parameter that can be a string or a number. Generates a single value for a parameter that must be a number. Uniformly generates a random value from a specified range for a parameter. The start and end values for the range must be defined in the child elements. In contrast to the values appearing direct in the parameter element, these two values must be numbers. If the step value is a number, then the range consists only of the numbers that are inside the interval defined by the start and end values and by the closure attribute and whose absolute difference from the start value is a multiple of the step value. On the other hand, if the special value "continuous" is used, the range is a continuous interval. The type of the interval which this range should be based on. This decides whether or not the start and end values should be part of the range or not. Whether or not the specified number should be part of the parameter value range or not. Defines the start of a parameter value range. Defines the end of a parameter value range. An optional subtype that further describes the content type of this box. For example, a theorembox can have the subtype "lemma". Difficulty of this content. Higher values signal an increased difficulty. A path to a preview image that should be displayed as long as the content itself is not loaded. Whether or not the content should be loaded automatically without a user interaction. If this attribute is not set, the application will apply a suitable default behavior. A view that wraps a sequence of containers and has an optional title. A view that wraps a sequence of containers and has a mandatory title. A view that wraps a sequence of containers and shows only a selection of them that is randomly chosen each time the page is reloaded. The number of containers (chosen from the children of this element) that are shown at once in the pool view. Whether or not the order of the sequence of pool elements that will be drawn when the poolview is loaded or refreshed should be randomly shuffled or not. When set to true, a button will be shown on the pool view which, when being clicked by the user, chooses a new content of this pool view just like on a page reload. When possible, the application will make sure that a new selection of containers is chosen each time the button is pressed. A view that wraps a sequence of containers that are optional in the sense that the course can be followed without them. A view that wraps a sequence of group views (with mandatory titles) and displays them in an accordion. This element should not be used to hold solutions. For this task, use the solutionhint element. Either the number of the item or panel of this accordion, starting at 1 from top to bottom, that should be open when the page is loaded or the special value "none" which means that the accordion should be initially collapsed. A view that wraps a sequence of group views (with mandatory titles) and displays them as items in a tab set. This element should not be used to hold solutions. For this task, use the solutionhint element. A view that warps a sequence of group views (with optional titles) and displays them in a carousel. Only one of the group views is visible at once and the user can go to the next or previous one on demand. Whether or not the sequence of group views should be wrapped to a loop for the user, starting with the first one again after the last one. Either the number of seconds after which the carousel view will automatically go to the next group view or the special value "none", which means that the carousel will not change the active group view automatically. Whether or not the height of the carousel should be fixed to the maximum of the height of its children. If this attribute is set to false, the height of the carousel changes dynamically depending on the active child. The type of indicator of this carousel view. The indicator of a carousel view is positioned below or above the active container and shows the user how many items are available in the carousel and which one is active. A type of indicator of a carousel view. Dots that show the presence of the active and non-active containers. A progress slider, each container corresponds to one step value of the progress slider. The user can change the active container by moving the slider. A container with block content. A container with block content tagged as information. A container with block content tagged as a hint. A container with block content tagged as help. A container with block content tagged as remark. A container with block content tagged as example. A container with block content tagged as theorem. A container with block content tagged as a proof. A container with block content tagged as a definition. A container with block content tagged as an experiment. A container with block content tagged as exercise. A box whose content is a convention. A convention is a determination that is valid for the whole course or a part of the course. A box whose main purpose is to present a formula to the user. A box for content that describes an application of other content. Name of this container, must be unique among all names in this course variant. Whitespace-separated list of tags for this container. Custom label for this container, overriding any automatically generated label. Name of this content element, must be unique among all names in this course variant. Whitespace-separated list of tags for this content element. Inline element which indicates that its content has strong importance. Inline element which indicates that its content has stress emphasis. Inline element which underlines its content. Inline element which places a horizontal line through its content. Inline element which places its content in superscript. Inline element which places its content in subscript. Inline element which indicates that its content is a hint. Inline element which indicates that its content is an information. Inline element which indicates that its content is a warning for the reader. An inline quotation that will be surrounded by quotation marks according to the course variant language. A paragraph which holds text or inline elements. Block element that shows one or more panels as tabs. This element should not be used to hold solutions. For this task, use the solutionhint element. An media object embedded from an external web page. URL of the external web page. An URL that starts with "http://" or "https://". Block element for an accordion with one or more panels. This element should not be used to hold solutions. For this task, use the solutionhint element. A constituent of either an accordion (block element) or a tabset (also a block element). Shows a figure (for example an image, a video, or a table) with an optional caption. Caption of a figure block. Horizontal alignment of an element in the course. Aligned to the left side of its parent. Aligned to the right side of its parent Aligned to the center of its parent Vertical alignment of an element in the course. Aligned on the top side of its parent. Aligned in the middle of its parent Aligned to the bottom side of its parent Inline element for a short code fragment with optional syntax highlighting. Whitespace inside the code is preserved but newline characters are ignored. In Java, classes are defined using the class keyword.

]]> Math formula with LaTeX content. Will be displayed with MathJax. Determines whether this formula should be displayed as an inline element or block element. Horizontal alignment of this formula when displayed as a block element. Describes the visual style of a math formula in the output. Display the math formula as an inline element. Display the math formula as a centered block element. Block element displaying a quotation. Block element for a code listing with optional syntax highlighting. All whitespace and newline characters in the code listing are preserved in the output. A space-separated list of individual line numbers or line number ranges of the code to highlight. These lines are displayed differently than the other lines so that they can be distinguished by the user. This element can be used inside the codelistingelement to stress the attention of the user to a specific part of the code. A space-separated list of line number ranges, such as "1", "1 5", "10-12" or "1 5 20-26 7 100-141 9". A line number range consists either of a single line number, such as "1" or "5", or a range such as "10-16". Every line number must be a positive integer without leading zeros. Input element in which the user can write source code in a specified programming language and execute it. Programming language that the source code should be written in, such as "java". Controls what kind of source code input is expected: Multiple source code files (project), only one source code file (file), several functions (functions) or statements (statements). Controls what kind of source code input is expected in a source code input element. One or multiple source code files. A single source code file. One or multiple functions. One or multiple statements. Initial code content of a sourcecode element. All whitespace and newline characters inside this element are preserved. Short string identifying the language of the code content, such as "plaintext" (no language), "xml", "java" or "cpp". A language of a code fragment. Plaintext XML Java C++ A programming language. Java A line break. Should not be used to distinguish paragraphs. Contains information about the metadata of a resource that is used in the course, such as a picture or a video. Note that every metadata element should contain at least one license child element, even through this is currently not validated by the schema. Every metadata element must have at least one license child element. An URL to a resource that contains further information about this metadata field. An entity who is primarily responsible for making a resource. A point of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of a resource. A description or an account of a resource. A description of a related resource from which the described resource is derived. Describes the license of a resource. Minimum width of this media object as length percentage value or "auto", which means that the application will calculate and select a minimum width. Maximal width of this media object as length percentage value or "none", which means that there should be no limit on the width of the object. Minimum height of this media object as length percentage value or "auto", which means that the application will calculate and select a minimum height. Maximal height of this media object as length percentage value or "none", which means that there should be no limit on the height of the object. Displays a picture loaded from a local image file. The image file can contain either a raster graphic graphic (for example, a PNG file) or a vector graphic (for example, an SVG file). Path to the image file relative to the current document. Plays a video loaded from a local video file (for example, an MP4 file). Path to the video file relative to the current document. A reference to another part of the course. Name of the target element to which this reference points. A reference to a part of the course with automatically generated text content. This element must be empty and will be replaced by a link such as "Example 2" or "Page Vector spaces" depending on the referenced element in the "to" attribute. Name of the target element to which this reference points. Link to an external resource, such as a website or an email address. URI of the external resource to which this link points. Whether or the hyperlink should be visually marked as an external link or not. By default, external links are marked to show the user that they lead to another website. Inline element that can be used to give its content a name and/or to assign semantic roles to its content. Vektorraum ist eine Menge ...]]> Whitespace-separated list of semantic roles that should be applied to the content of this element. A note that provides additional information or comments from the author. Notes are numbered per page and their content is shown at the bottom of the page. Block element that will be displayed as a flexbox. An item of a flexbox. The direction flex items are placed in the flex container. Defines whether the flex items are forced in a single line or can be flowed into multiple lines. The alignment of the flex items along the main axis. Defines the default behavior for how flex items are laid out along the cross axis on the current line. Aligns a flex container’s lines within when there is extra space in the cross-axis. The space between flex items as length percentage value or the special value "normal". The space between flex items as length percentage value or the special value "normal". Direction in which flex items are placed in the flex container. Values for the wrap attribute of flex containers. Values for the justifycontent attribute of flex containers. Values for the alignitems attribute of flex containers. Values for the aligncontent attribute of flex containers. The order of this item in the flex container. Specifies how much of the remaining space in the flex container should be assigned to this item. Flex shrink factor of this flex item. Initial main size of this flex item as length percentage value or "auto", which means that the size is automatically calculated. Overrides this flex item's alignitems value. A list, can be either numbered or unnumbered depending on the used format. Note that attributes such as "format" and "fullnumbering" will be inherited if a list occurs inside of another list. Format used for the automatically generated label of the items in this list. Separator used in the automatically generated label of the items in this list. Controls whether the last separator should be shown in the automatically generated label of the items in this list. Whether or not the automatically generated labels of a list item of this list should include the full numbering of all of its parent navigation items or only its number in the list of the children of its parent. Item of a list. Controls whether or not this list item increases the counter for the automatically generated labels. Custom label of this list item, overrides any automatically generated labels. Vertical alignment of the cells in this row. Can be overwritten for an individual cell in this row by setting the valign attribute of the cell element to a different value. Minimum height of the table row as length percentage value. Maximum width of the table row as length percentage value. A row that is part of the body of a table. A row consists of a collection of cells. A row of a table that is specified as head of the table. Whether or not the head row should be fixed when scrolling through the table. A cell of a table row. Individual horizontal alignment of this cell. If this attribute is set, it takes precedence over the align attribute in the colspec element for the column containing this cell. Individual vertical alignment of this cell. If this attribute is set, it takes precedence over the valign attribute of the row element containing this cell. A table consisting of rows and cells. The table layout can be changed with the optional colspecs element. Contains layout specifications of the table columns in a table. Every table element can have its own colspecs element. The colspec child elements appearing in this element describe the layout of columns in that table. Every such element is responsible for one column. Element used to specify the layout of one column in a table. The number of the column in the table, from top to bottom starting with one, that this colspec element will affect. Horizontal alignment of the cells in this column. Can be overwritten for an individual cell in this column by setting the align attribute of the cell element to a different value. Minimum width of the column as length percentage value or "auto", which means that the application will calculate and select a minimum width. Maximum width of the column as length percentage value or "none", which means there should be no limit on the width of the column. Whether or not this column should be fixed when scrolling through the table. This feature is only supported on the first (left most) column. Controls whether this table should have a border. Whether or not the backgrounds of the rows of this table should be alternating between a light and dark color. When set to auto, the application will apply a default behavior. Number of credit points the user gets deducted for an incorrect solution of this input field. When this attribute is not set, the following default behavior applies: For input fields containing boolean input values, the default penalty is one, or, if the element is contained in a booleangroup, the default penalty specified in the booleangroup applies. For all other input elements, the default penalty is zero. Name of the model to use for values in this input field. If this attribute is not set, the default input model is used. Enables the user to see the solution values stored in this input element after the given number of failed attempts. When not provided, the user is never allowed to see the solution values. Inline element for an input field in which the user can input a value that is checked against the specified solution. Desired width of this input element as length percentage value or "auto", which means that the application will decide about the width of the input element. Block element for user input in which the user has to solve specific problems. Horizontal alignment of the content of this input element. Number of credit points the user gets awarded for this input value. Name of the model to use for this input value. If this attribute is not set, the input model associated to the input field containing this input value is used. Describes a valid number that can be used as base for a standard positional number system with digits and Latin characters. Since there are 9 distinct digits and 26 distinct characters in the Latin alphabet, all integers between 1 and 35 are valid base numbers. A unit prefix as defined in the SI unit system. Yotta, denoting a factor of 10²⁴. Zetta, denoting a factor of 10²¹. Exa, denoting a factor of 10¹⁸. Peta, denoting a factor of 10¹⁵. Tera, denoting a factor of 10¹². Giga, denoting a factor of 10⁹. Mega, denoting a factor of 10⁶. Kilo, denoting a factor of 10³. Hecto, denoting a factor of 10². Deca, denoting a factor of 10. Deci, denoting a factor of 10^-1. Centi, denoting a factor of 10^-2. Milli, denoting a factor of 10^-3. Micro, denoting a factor of 10^-6. Nano, denoting a factor of 10^-9. Pico, denoting a factor of 10^-12. Femto, denoting a factor of 10^-15. Atto, denoting a factor of 10^-18. Zepto, denoting a factor of 10^-21. Yocto, denoting a factor of 10^-24. A space-separated list of unit prefixes (such as "k m d"). A symbol of a physical unit. Shorthand for all seven SI base units (s, m, kg A, K, mol and cd). Shorthand for all SI units that are not base units. This is the opposite of SIbase. Second Meter Kilogram Ampere Kelvin Mole Candela Gram Radian Steradian Hertz Newton Pascal Joule Watt Coulomb Volt Farad Ohm Siemens Weber Tesla Henry Celsius Lumen Lux Becquerel Gray Sievert Katal Minute Hour Day Bell A space-separated list of unit symbols. Type of a chemical reaction. A reaction that should be displayed as chemical equilibrium (⇌). A reaction that should be displayed as a net foward reaction (→). A reaction that should be displayed as a reverse reaction (←). Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for string input fields. Controls whether or not the string field should be displayed like an item of a cloze test. When set, limits the characters that the user may use to the characters occuring in the given string. Minimum length of the string that the user may enter. Maximum length of the string that the user may enter. Whether or not the solution should be checked in a case sensitive way or not. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed characters when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed minimal length when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed maximal length when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not whitespace at the beginning and end of the string (both the user input and the solution string) should be ignored. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for order input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for matching input fields. Model element in which settings of drag items of matching input elements can be changed. Whether or not the drag items should be randomly shuffled each time the page is loaded. Decides how often the user can use each drag item in the matching problem. Model element in which settings of drop items of matching input elements can be changed. Whether or not the drop items should be randomly shuffled each time the page is loaded. Decides how often the user can use each drop item in the matching problem. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for boolean input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for choice input fields. Whether or not the available options should be shuffled randomly each time the page is loaded. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for number input fields. Base of the standard positional number system in which the number is expected from the user and written in the solution. Minimum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that have to appear in the users input. Maximum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Minimum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. Maximum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for exponential input fields. The base which is used to describe the number. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. When set to true, the mantissa in the user input must be a single digit between 1 and 9 for the input to be correct. When set to true, the exponent in the user input must be a whole number divisible by 3 for the input to be correct. Settings element inside the exponential input model which is used to specify attributes for the mantissa of exponential input fields. Minimum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that have to appear in the users input. Maximum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Minimum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. Maximum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. Settings element inside the exponential input model which is used to specify attributes for the exponent of exponential input fields. Minimum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that have to appear in the users input. Maximum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Minimum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. Maximum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for expression input fields. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that are allowed to appear in the expression or the special value "all", which means that all types are allowed. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that are forbidden to occur in the expression. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that have to appear exactly once in the expression. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that are allowed for the root node of the expression, or the special value "all" which means that all types are allowed for the root element. If this attribute is set to true, the expression entered by the user must be simplified for this field to be correct. This means that the collections of node types and node values appearing in the user expression tree and the expression tree of its simplification must agree without order but with counting. If this attribute is set to true, the expression entered by the user must be fully expanded for this field to be correct. This means that the collections of node types and node values appearing in the user expression tree and the expression tree of its expanded form must agree without order but with counting. If this attribute is set to true, the expression entered by the user must be structurally equal to the solution expression. This means that the collections of node types and node values appearing in the user expression tree and the solution expression tree must agree without order but with counting. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for set input fields. Minimum number of elements that the user may put into the set. Maximum number of elements that the user may put into the set or "unbounded", which means that there should be no upper bound on the size of the set. Whitespace-separated list of allowed element types that the user may put into this set or "auto", which means that the system will look for all element types that appear in the solution and allow only these. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed minimum size of the set when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed maximum size of the set when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed element types in the set when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for vector input fields. Minimum number of components in this vector. Maximum number of components in this vector or the special value "unbounded", which means that there is no upper bound on the size of the vector. Initial number of components in this vector that are already there when the user loads the page. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed minimum size of the vector when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed maximum size of the vector when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Type of the vector (column vector or row vector). Type of a vector (column vector or row vector). Column vector Row vector Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for matrix input fields. Minimum number of allowed rows in this matrix. Maximum number of allowed rows in this matrix. Initial number of rows in this matrix that are already there when the user loads the page. Minimum number of allowed columns in this matrix. Maximum number of allowed columns in this matrix. Initial number of columns in this matrix that are already there when the user loads the page. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed minimum number of rows in the matrix when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed maximum number of rows in the matrix when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed minimum number of columns in the matrix when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed maximum number of columns in the matrix when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for interval input fields. Specifies the correct type of the interval. This decides which of its endpoints should belong to it. Specifies whether the interval type should be already filled in for the user with the type defined in the "closed" attribute. If this attribute is set to true, the user can not change the interval type. Otherwise, the user has to specify the interval type on his or her own. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for unit input fields. Whitespace-separated list of unit symbols that the user is allowed to use, or the special value "all", which means that all unit symbols are allowed. Whitespace-separated list of unit symbols that the user is forbidden to use. Whitespace-separated list of unit prefixes that the user is allowed to use, or the special value "all", which means that all unit prefixes are allowed. Whether or not to give live hints about the list of allowed unit symbols when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the list of forbidden unit symbols when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the list of allowed unit prefixes when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Either the special value none or a whitespace-separated list of preferred unit values. When such a list of unit values is given, the user is expected to enter exactly one of these. If a unit value which is equivalent to the solution is entered but which is not in the list, a warning is shown to the user but the input field is considered correct. When set to a value different to none, this attribute defines the number of significant digits that are expected from the user in order for the input to be correct. The significant digits are counted from left to right. The treatment of trailing zeros in whole numbers in the user input can be controlled with the signifciancecheck attribute. Controls whether, when the significant attribute is set to a value different to none, trailing zeros in whole numbers in the user input should be counted as significant whenever this makes the input correct (lax mode) or not (strict mode). When set to a value different to none, this attribute defines the number of significant digits that are expected from the user in order for the input to be correct. The significant digits are counted from left to right. The treatment of trailing zeros in whole numbers in the user input can be controlled with the significancecheck attribute. Controls whether, when the significant attribute is set to a value different to none, trailing zeros in whole numbers in the user input should be counted as significant whenever this makes the input correct (lax mode) or not (strict mode). Check mode that decides how the significance of a user input is checked against the wanted significance specified in the input field. In the lax mode, trailing zeros in whole numbers in the user input are counted as significant whenever this makes the input correct. This essentially means that the significance of the user input is considered as a set of digit numbers instead of a single number of digits and the system chooses the best fitting one. In the strict mode, trailing zeros in whole numbers in the user input are always counted as non-significant. This means that the significance of the user input is always a well-defined number of digits that has to agree exactly with the wanted significance specified in the input field. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for quantity input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for molecular input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for reaction input fields. Describes the type of the chemical reaction. This decides what symbol is placed between the educts and the products. Whether or not the user should be force to reduce the entered coefficients in this reaction to the smallest possible positive integers. Whether or not the number of educts and products of the reaction should be fixed and be revealed to the user as defined in the solution. If this attribute is not set to true, then the user must find out about the number of educts and products on his or her own. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for source code input fields. Controls what kind of source code input is expected: Multiple source code files (project), only one source code file (file), several functions (functions) or statements (statements). Input value inside an input element representing a string, such as "Hello World!". By the default, the user input and the solution string are trimmed (whitespace at the beginning and end is removed) before they are compared. This can be changed with the trim attribute. Whitespace in the middle of the string is respected both in the solution and the user input. Newline characters are ignored and cannot be inserted by the user. The minlength attribute value of a string element must be less than or equal to the maxlength attribute value. Controls whether or not the string field should be displayed like an item of a cloze test. When set, limits the characters that the user may use to the characters occuring in the given string. Minimum length of the string that the user may enter. Maximum length of the string that the user may enter. Whether or not the solution should be checked in a case sensitive way or not. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed characters when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed minimal length when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed maximal length when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not whitespace at the beginning and end of the string (both the user input and the solution string) should be ignored. Input value representing a boolean value, either "true" or "false". Input value representing a choice out of several options. Whether or not the available options should be shuffled randomly each time the page is loaded. An option of a choice input value. Number of credits the users gets awarded for enabling this option. Whether or not this option is a correct solution of the input field. Input value element in which the user has to bring several items in a correct order. In the order input element, A must appear before B, B must appear before C and A must appear before D:

1 2 3 1 4 ]]> Contains the items of an order input value. An item of an order or matching input value. Contains the chains of an order input value. A chain of an order input value. Every item whose index appears in a chain before another item must be put before that item by the user. Number of credit points the user gets awarded for ordering the items in compliance with this chain. A space-separated list of one or more order or matching input value item indices. A space-separated list of positive integers. Input value element in which the user has to drag items to so-called drop items. For every correct match, the users gets a specified number of credits. In the following exercise, the user has to drag color names to RGB triples:

Red

Green

Blue

(255,0,0)

(0,255,0)

(0,0,255)

(255,255,255)

1 1 2 2 3 3 ]]> Whether or not the drag and drop items should be shuffled randomly each time the page is loaded. Decides how often the user can use each drag item in the matching problem. Decides how often the user can use each drop item in the matching problem. Contains the drag items of a matching input value. Whether or not the drag items should be randomly shuffled each time the page is loaded. Decides how often the user can use each drag item in the matching problem. Contains the drop items of a matching input value. Whether or not the drop items should be randomly shuffled each time the page is loaded. Decides how often the user can use each drop item in the matching problem. Contains all the correct matches (pairs of drag and drop item numbers starting from 1) of a matching input value. Describes a correct match between a drag and a drop item of a matching input value. The content of this element must consist of two numbers separated by a space character. The first number is the drag item number and the second number is the drop item number, as defined in the parent matching element. 1 2]]> Number of credit points the user gets awarded for matching the two items. A space-separated list of exactly two numbers: a drag item number followed by a drop item number. Input value representing a number. The correct number can be either given as a direct value such as "-20.123" or as an expression that can also involve parameters defined in this containers. The expression is interpreted by the Computer Algebra System and must evaluate to a number. It is possible to specify a different base than the standard base 10. All integers between 1 and 35 are valid bases. Note that both the input from the user and the value written in the solution are interpreted as numbers with respect to the base in use. Base of the standard positional number system in which the number is expected from the user and written in the solution. Minimum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that have to appear in the users input. Maximum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Minimum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. Maximum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. Input value representing a number in exponential notation, such as "-2.01 * 10^5". Here, the number "-2.01" is called the mantissa, "10" the base and "5" the exponent. The lowertolerance attribute value of an exponential element must be less than or equal to the uppertolerance attribute value. The lowerreltolerance attribute value of an exponential element must be less than or equal to the upperreltolerance attribute value. The base which is used to describe the number. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. When set to true, the mantissa in the user input must be a single digit between 1 and 9 for the input to be correct. When set to true, the exponent in the user input must be a whole number divisible by 3 for the input to be correct. The coefficient before the base power in an exponential input value element. Minimum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that have to appear in the users input. Maximum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Minimum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. Maximum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. The exponent of an exponential input value element. Minimum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that have to appear in the users input. Maximum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Minimum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. Maximum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that are allowed in the users input. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed fractional digits (digits after the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the minimum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the maximum number of allowed integer digits (digits before the radix point) when the user has not yet submitted the input value. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. A space-separated list of expression node types. Type of a node in a binary expression tree. For example, the expression 1+x is parsed into a tree with a "sum" node as root that has two child nodes of type "number" and "variable". A number writte in positional notation, possibly with a sign. A constant like pi. A variable like x. Operator of the form a!. Operator of the form -a. Operator of the form |a|. Operator of the form sqrt(a). Operator of the form a^b. Operator of the form a*b. Operator of the form a/b. Operator of the form a+b. Operator of the form a-b.

Input value representing a mathematical expression, such as "2*x+1". The expression is parsed into a binary tree consisting of nodes that are either leafs or operators. There are the following types of leaf nodes:

number (such as 1.222 or -5.55)
constant (such as pi)
variable (such as x or alpha, every alphabetic string which is not a predefined symbol)

Additionally, there are the following types of operators, ordered by precedence from higher to lower. Operators on the same line have the same precedence and are processed from left to right:

faculty (a!)
negation (-a)
absolute value (|a|), square root (sqrt(a))
power (a^b)
product (a*b), fraction (a/b)
sum (a+b), difference (a-b)

Leaf nodes are considered to have the highest precedence. For example, the expression -2.22 is parsed into a single number node, while the expression -x is parsed into a tree with a negation node as root node and one node for the variable x as child node.

The user may use brackets to change the order of operators. For example, the expression -(2.22) is parsed into a tree whose root is a negation node.

The multiplication sign must always be written out when a multiplication is meant. For example, 2xy is an invalid expression but 2*x*y is valid.

Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that are allowed to appear in the expression or the special value "all", which means that all types are allowed. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that are forbidden to occur in the expression. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that have to appear exactly once in the expression. Whitespace-separated list of expression node types that are allowed for the root node of the expression, or the special value "all" which means that all types are allowed for the root element. If this attribute is set to true, the expression entered by the user must be simplified for this field to be correct. This means that the collections of node types and node values appearing in the user expression tree and the expression tree of its simplification must agree without order but with counting. If this attribute is set to true, the expression entered by the user must be fully expanded for this field to be correct. This means that the collections of node types and node values appearing in the user expression tree and the expression tree of its expanded form must agree without order but with counting. If this attribute is set to true, the expression entered by the user must be structurally equal to the solution expression. This means that the collections of node types and node values appearing in the user expression tree and the solution expression tree must agree without order but with counting. Input value representing a set those elements are either text, number, expression, set, vector, matrix or interval values. For example, {1,2,3} is a set of numbers and {{1},{}} is a set of sets. The type of the element values in a set may not be mixed. The minsize attribute value of a set element must be less than or equal to the maxsize attribute value. Minimum number of elements that the user may put into the set. Maximum number of elements that the user may put into the set or "unbounded", which means that there should be no upper bound on the size of the set. Whitespace-separated list of allowed element types that the user may put into this set or "auto", which means that the system will look for all element types that appear in the solution and allow only these. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed minimum size of the set when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed maximum size of the set when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed element types in the set when the user has not yet submitted the input value. A list of input value types that can appear in a set. Describes a type of input elements that can appear in a set. Number elements. Exponential elements. Expression elements. Set elements with any content. Note that it is currently not possible to restrict this type further. Vector elements with any content. Vector elements with only expression elements as content. Vector elements with only number elements as content. Vector elements with only number elements as content. Matrix elements with any content. Matrix elements with only expression elements as content. Matrix elements with only number elements as content. Matrix elements with only number elements as content. Interval elements. Interval element with only expression elements as bounds. Interval elements with only number elements as bounds. String elements. Input value representing a vector of a fixed amount of numbers or expressions. For example, (1,2,3) is a vector of numbers and (2*x,3*x,x) is a vector of expressions. Minimum number of components in this vector. Maximum number of components in this vector or the special value "unbounded", which means that there is no upper bound on the size of the vector. Initial number of components in this vector that are already there when the user loads the page. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed minimum size of the vector when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed maximum size of the vector when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Type of the vector (column vector or row vector). Input value representing a matrix of numbers, expressions or strings. Minimum number of allowed rows in this matrix. Maximum number of allowed rows in this matrix. Initial number of rows in this matrix that are already there when the user loads the page. Minimum number of allowed columns in this matrix. Maximum number of allowed columns in this matrix. Initial number of columns in this matrix that are already there when the user loads the page. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed minimum number of rows in the matrix when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed maximum number of rows in the matrix when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed minimum number of columns in the matrix when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the allowed maximum number of columns in the matrix when the user has not yet submitted the input value. A row of a matrix input value. Specifies the type of an interval. Interval of type [a;b]. Interval of type [a;b). Interval of type (a;b). Interval of type (a;b]. Input value representing an interval, such as "[2;10)", those endpoints are numbers or expressions. Specifies the correct type of the interval. This decides which of its endpoints should belong to it. Specifies whether the interval type should be already filled in for the user with the type defined in the "closed" attribute. If this attribute is set to true, the user can not change the interval type. Otherwise, the user has to specify the interval type on his or her own. Input value representing a word in the sense of theoretical computer science, such as "aab" or the empty word "epsilon" Input value representing unit or a combination of units, such as "kg" or "m*s^-2". Whitespace-separated list of unit symbols that the user is allowed to use, or the special value "all", which means that all unit symbols are allowed. Whitespace-separated list of unit symbols that the user is forbidden to use. Whitespace-separated list of unit prefixes that the user is allowed to use, or the special value "all", which means that all unit prefixes are allowed. Whether or not to give live hints about the list of allowed unit symbols when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the list of forbidden unit symbols when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Whether or not to give live hints about the list of allowed unit prefixes when the user has not yet submitted the input value. Either the special value none or a whitespace-separated list of preferred unit values. When such a list of unit values is given, the user is expected to enter exactly one of these. If a unit value which is equivalent to the solution is entered but which is not in the list, a warning is shown to the user but the input field is considered correct. A string representing the unit of a physical quantity, such as "kg" or "m*s^-1". It must be a sequence of unit symbols separated by *. No whitespace is allowed. Every unit symbol consists of an optional prefix (such as k, m or μ) followed by an actual unit (such as m, mol or ohm). Furthermore, after every unit symbol one may optionally write ^ followed by a number. For example, "mmol^2*kg*μcd^-2" is a valid unit string but "μμ^2" is not valid. Quantities without any unit can be represented in this element with the empty string. A whitespace-separated list of unit values. Input value representing a physical quantity: A combination of a number and a unit, such as "2*kg". When given, defines the number of significant digits that are expected from the user in order for the input to be correct. The significant digits are counted from left to right. Trailing zeros in whole numbers in the user input are counted as significant whenever this makes the input correct. An molecular formula input value, such as "H2O". H2O]]> A molecular formula, such as "H2O", "CH3OOH" or "Ca3(PO4)2". Shows a chemical reaction to the user and prompts him to enter correct stoichiometric coefficients for the reagents that result in a balanced reaction. Each coefficient must be a positive integer. CH4 O2 H2O CO2 ]]> Describes the type of the chemical reaction. This decides what symbol is placed between the educts and the products. Whether or not the user should be force to reduce the entered coefficients in this reaction to the smallest possible positive integers. Whether or not the number of educts and products of the reaction should be fixed and be revealed to the user as defined in the solution. If this attribute is not set to true, then the user must find out about the number of educts and products on his or her own. Contains the list of all educts of a chemical reaction. Contains the list of all products of a chemical reaction. A molecule that takes part in a chemical reaction given by a molecular formular. The format is the same as for the molecular element. H2O]]> Provides a predefined and fixed coefficient that will be used and displayed for this molecule. If this attribute is not set, the user must enter the coefficient of this molecule on his or her own. Specifies whether the molecular formular (not the coefficient) should be fixed and shown to the user. If this attribute is enabled, the molecular formular is shown to the user and cannot be changed by the user. Otherwise, the user must enter the molecular formular. Calculates a decimal value from an expression that can involve parameters and replaces this element with the computed value. When a parameter with identifier a is defined in a container, one could write the following somewhere in its content: Please enter twice the value of 2*a:

]]> Same as xs:decimal, expect that the value must be strictly greater than 0. Same as xs:decimal, expect that the value must be greater than or equal to 0. A hint to a solution consisting of one or multiple steps. This element can be linked to a specific input element by setting to attribute. It then appears only as side note to this input element and not in the position of the text where it is placed itself. If the to attribute is not set, then this element appears as a collapsable box exactly where it is placed in the text. When set, links this solution hint to the input element with the given name. A collapsable help block that consists of one or multiple steps. This element can be used to give the user help on how to solve an exercise or to give technical assistance with the course. Whether or not the help block should be initially open or not. A step of a solution hint or a help block. A block element whose purpose is to group together boolean input fields into single or multiple choice questions. It affects all input elements with boolean values inside this element. The minselection attribute value of a booleangroup element must be less than or equal to the maxselection attribute value. Minimum number of boolean inputs the user has to select in this boolean group before he or she can check his or her results. Maximum number of boolean inputs the user can select in this boolean group and still check his or her results. When set to a value different to none, this specifies the number of correctly selected boolean inputs in this boolean group that the user has to select in order for the boolean group to count as correct. If this attribute is set to none, the user is expected to select all boolean inputs in the group marked as correct. Total maximal number of credit points the user can earn in this boolean group from boolean input fields. Total maximal number of credit points the user can get deducted in this boolean group from boolean input fields. Whether to give the user only feedback about the correctness of the group result (group) or about all individual boolean fields (detailed). Specifies the default penalty of all boolean input fields inside this booleangroup. Enumeration that decides about the type of feedback for input groups which the user receives when checking his or her results. Only give feedback about the correctness of the whole group. Give feedback about the correctness of the whole group and all individual input fields.

A length consists of a decimal number followed by a unit, such as 20px, 150.75em or 22.5ex. The following units are allowed:

px: Pixels
cm: Centimeters
in: Inches
em: Unit equal to the em quad size of the font typeface of the current element.
ex: Unit equal to the x-height of the font typeface of the current element.

Additionally, the zero value 0 is allowed without any unit as a special case. No whitespace or newline characters are allowed.

Each such value is a valid element of the CSS length data type according to the CSS4 specification, but the CSS4 specification allows more units.

Either a length, such as 20px or 5.5ex, or a decimal number followed by a percentage sign, such as 50% or 25.75%. Percentage values are relative to the parent element of the concerned element.

No whitespace or newline characters are allowed.

Each such value is a valid element of the CSS length-percentage data type according to the CSS4 specification, but the CSS4 specification allows more length units.

Type whose only value is "auto". This specifies that the corresponding attribute should have a smart default value or be automatically calculated based on other values by the application. Type whose only value is "none". This specifies the absense of a value. Type whose only value is "unbounded". This is used to specify that some value should not have an upper bound. Type whose only value is "continuous". This is used to specify that a range should be continuous. Type whose only value is "all". This is used to specify the whole of some collection. Type whose only value is "normal". A whitespace-separated list of tags.