Root element of the course. Contains all global course settings. Sets the default variant of the course by specifying its language. Defines the settings for input elements in this course. A group of settings for input elements that can be enabled by using the model attribute on input elements. If the name attribute is not set, this input model describes the default input model. Name of this input model. If this is not set, this input model describes the default input model. A format for the automatic generation of labels. No labels. 1,2,3,4,5... i,ii,iii,iv,v... I,II,III,IV,V... a,b,c,d,e,... A,B,C,D,E,... α,β,γ,δ,ε,... All labels are a dash. All labels are a dot. All labels are a dash. A variant of the course for a specified language. Language of this course variant according to RFC 5646, must be unique among all course variants in this course. Title of either a course variant, a page, a container or a panel. Alternative short version of the title that can be used in situations where the full title can not be displayed. Contains all information about the navigation menu of a course variant. A list of one or more navigation items in the navigation menu. Format used for the automatically generated label of the navigation items in this list. Separator used in the automatically generated label of the navigation items in this list. Controls whether the last separator should be shown in the the automatically generated label of the navigation items in this list. One item in the navigation menu of the course variant. Name of this navigation item, must be unique among all names in this course variant. A space-separated list of tags for this navigation item. Gives this navigation items special roles. Must be a space-separated list of the roles "learnpath", "home", "impressum" and "privacy". Controls whether or not this navigation item should be visible for the user. Controls whether or not this navigation item increases the counter for the automatically generated labels. Custom label of this navigation item, overrides any automatically generated labels. A space-separated list of navigation item roles. A special role that a navigation item may have. Marks the navigation item as learn path. Marks the navigation item as starting page. Marks the navigation item as impressum. Marks the navigation item as privacy site. Contains all pages of a course variant. One page in the course, consists of an optional title and a sequence of containers. Name of this page, must be unique among all names in this course variant. A space-separated list of tags for this page. Defines a parameter whose value will be randomly chosen each time the page is reloaded. The parameter can be used in all calculate elements and input elements inside the container in which it is defined. Each time the page is reloaded, one of the generators defined in this element is called to generate a new parameter value. The following parameter can take the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 20: a 1 5 20

Value of the parameter is: a.

]]> Defines the identifier by which a parameter can be referred to in calculate elements and input elements. Defines the weight of this parameter value or range among all specified ranges and values for the parameter. Generates a single value for a parameter. Uniformly generates a random value from a specified range for a parameter. If this optional attribute is set, then the range consists only of the numbers that are inside the bounds defined by the start and end attributes and whose absolute difference from the start value is a multiple of the step value. If this attribute is not set, then the range consists of all rational numbers inside the bounds defined by the start and end attributes. Whether or not the specified number should be part of the parameter value range or not. Defines the start of a parameter value range. Defines the end of a parameter value range. Number that specifies the difficulty of this content. A lower value means a lower difficulty, a higher value means a higher difficulty. If this attribute is not set, the difficulty is considered to be 0. A view that wraps a sequence of boxes that are optional in the sense that the course can be followed without them. A view that wraps a sequence of panel views and displays them in an accordion. This element should not be used to hold solutions. For this task, use the solutionhint element. A view that wraps a sequence of panel views and displays one of them in a tab pane. This element should not be used to hold solutions. For this task, use the solutionhint element. A view that wraps a sequence of panel views and always only shows a specified amount of them at once. The user can see how many panel views there are and can go through them. Amount of panel views that are shown simultaneously. Whether or not the panel views should be shuffled randomly each time the page is reloaded. Specifies the way in which the active panel views should be displayed. Wether or not the sequence of panel views should be wrapped to a loop for the user, starting with the first one again after the last one. When this attribut is set, the view always automatically goes to the next panel after the given number of seconds. Direction of the flow of elements, either vertical or horizontal. Horizontal direction. Vertical direction. A panel view with an optional title that wraps a sequence of boxes. A panel view with an mandatory title that wraps a sequence of boxes. A container with block content. A container with block content tagged as information. A container with block content tagged as a hint. A container with block content tagged as help. A container with block content tagged as remark. A container with block content tagged as example. A container with block content tagged as theorem. A container with block content tagged as a proof. A container with block content tagged as a definition. A container with block content tagged as an experiment. A container with block content tagged as exercise. A convention is a determination that is valid for the whole course or a part of the course. Name of this container, must be unique among all names in this course variant. A space-separated list of tags for this container. Custom label for this container, overriding any automatically generated label. Name of this content element, must be unique among all names in this course variant. A space-separated list of tags for this content element. Inline element for bold text. Inline element for italic text. Inline element for underlined text. Inline element for superscript text. Inline element for subscript text. Inline element for text tagged as a hint. Inline element for text tagged as an information. Inline element for text tagged as a help. Inline element for text tagged as a warning. An inline quotation that will be surrounded by quotation marks according to the course variant language. A picture consisting of either a raster graphic (a PNG file) or a vector graphic (an SVG file). A video stored in a MP4 file. Block element that shows one or more panels as tabs. This element should not be used to hold solutions. For this task, use the solutionhint element. An external media object embedded from a web page. Path to the external web page. An URL that must start with "http://" or "https://". Block element for an accordion with one or more panels. This element should not be used to hold solutions. For this task, use the solutionhint element. A constituent of either an accordion (block element) or a tabset (also a block element). Shows a figure (for example an image, a video, or a table) with an optional caption. Caption of a figure block. Block element displaying LaTeX content with MathJax in display mode, that is, (by default centered) in its own line. Horizontal alignment of this equation. Horizontal alignment of a block element. Aligned to the left side of its parent. Aligned to the right side of its parent Aligned to the center of its parent Inline element for a code fragment with optional syntax highlighting. In Java, classes are defined using the class keyword.

]]> Math formula with LaTeX content. Will be displayed with MathJax. Determines whether this formula should be displayed as an inline element or block element. Describes the visual style of a math formula in the output. Display the math formula as an inline element. Display the math formula as a centered block element. Block element displaying a quotation. Block element for a code listing with optional syntax hightlighting. Block element in which the user can write source code in a specified programming language and execute it. Short string identifying the programming language to be used, such as "java". Whether the user should write multiple source code files, only one file or several functions or statements. The type of a code environment element. One or multiple source code files. A single source code file. One or multiple functions. One or multiple statements. Initial code content of a codeenvironment element. Short string identifying the language of the code content, such as "java", "c++" or "xml". A line break. Should not be used to distinguish paragraphs. Stores attribution information about a media object. An author of a creation. Stores information about the creation date of a work. Stores additional information about a work. Stores information about the origin of a work. A short string referencing the license of this attribution, such as "CC BY SA 4.0". Minimum width of this media object in pixels. Maximal width of this media object in pixels. Minimum height of this media object in pixels. Maximal height of this media object in pixels. Path to the file of this media object relative to the current document. A reference to another part of the course. Name of the target element to which this reference points. Link to an external resource, such as a website or an email address. URI of the external resource to which this link points. Acts as an anchor that can be used to reference to this place. Block element that will be displayed as a flexbox. An item of a flexbox. The direction flex items are placed in the flex container. Defines whether the flex items are forced in a single line or can be flowed into multiple lines. The alignment of the flex items along the main axis. Defines the default behavior for how flex items are laid out along the cross axis on the current line. Aligns a flex container’s lines within when there is extra space in the cross-axis. Controls the space between flex items. Controls the space between flex items. The order of this item in the flex container. Specifies how much of the remaining space in the flex container should be assigned to this item. Flex shrink factor of this flex item. Initial main size of this flex item. Overrides this flex item's align-items value. A list, can be either numbered or unnumbered depending on the used format. Format used for the automatically generated label of the items in this list. Separator used in the automatically generated label of the items in this list. Controls whether the last separator should be shown in the automatically generated label of the items in this list. Item of a list. Controls whether or not this list item increases the counter for the automatically generated labels. Custom label of this list item, overrides any automatically generated labels. One row of a table, consisting of one or multiple cells. A cell of a table row. A table consisting of rows and cells. Controls whether or not this table should have a border. Input field in which the user can input a value that is checked against the specified solution. Number of credit points the user gets deducted for an incorrect solution of this input element. Name of the model to use for values in this input field. If this attribute is not set, the default input model is used. Desired width of the input field in CSS em units. Number of credit points the user gets awarded for this input value. Name of the model to use for this input value. If this attribute is not set, the input model associated to the input field containing this input value is used. Controls whether or not the string field should be displayed like an item of a cloze test. When set, limits the characters that the user may use to the characters occuring in the given string. Minimum length of the string that the user may enter. Maximum length of the string that the user may enter. If this attribute is not set, it defines no restrictions. Wether or not the solution should be checked in a case sensitive way or not. Controls the width of the input field, must be valid CSS length value. Whether or not the available options should be shuffled randomly each time the page is loaded. If this value is LT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LT and x is considered a correct value. If this value is UT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+UT is considered a correct value. If this value is LRT and the solution is x, then any value between x-LRT*|x| and x is considered a correct value. If this value is URT and the solution is x, then any value between x and x+URT*|x| is considered a correct value. Base of the standard positional number system in which the number is expected from the user. The minimum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. The maximum number of fractional digits (digits after the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. If this attribute is not present, it defines no restrictions. The minimum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. The maximum number of integer digits (digits before the radix point) that have to be present in the users input. If this attribute is not present, it defines no restrictions. The number of digits of the users input after the radix point that the system takes into account for checking its value against the correct solution. Space-separated list of settings that are checked before the user presses the "check" button. Describes a valid number that can be used as base for a standard positional number system with digits and Latin characters. Since there are 9 distinct digits and 26 distinct characters in the Latin alphabet, all integers between 1 and 35 are valid base numbers. The base which is used to describe the number. A space-separated list of expression node types that are allowed to appear in the expression. If this attribute is not present, it defines no restrictions. A space-separated list of expression node types that must not occur anywhere in the expression. A space-separated list of expression node types that have to appear exactly once in the expression. A space-separated list of expression node types that are allowed for the root node of the expression. If this attribute is not present, it defines no restrictions. If this attribute is set to true, then the expression that the users writes into the field must be fully simplified. In particular, this means that all fractions must be reduced. Space-separated list of settings that are checked before the user presses the "check" button. Minimum number of elements that the user may put into the set. Maximum number of elements that the user may put into the set. Space-separated list of element types that the user may put into this set. If this attribute is not present, the system will automatically look for all element types that appear in the solution and offer only these types. Space-separated list of settings that are checked before the user presses the "check" button. Minimum number of components in this vector. Maximum number of components in this vector. Initial number of components in this vector that are already there when the user loads the page. Minimum number of rows in this matrix. Maximum number of rows in this matrix. Initial number of rows in this matrix that are already there when the user loads the page. Minimum number of columns in this matrix. Maximum number of columns in this matrix. Initial number of columns in this matrix that are already there when the user loads the page. Specifies the ends of the interval where the endpoint type, that is, if this endpoint should be included in the interval or not, should be taken from the "closed" attribute. The user can not edit these endpoint types anymore. If set to true, this flips the lower and upper bounds of the interval for the user during the process of entering an interval. A unit prefix as defined in the SI unit system. Yota Zetta Exa Peta Tera Giga Mega Kilo Hekto Deka Dezi Zenti Milli Mikro Nano Piko Femto Atto Zepto Yokto A space-separated list of unit prefixes (such as "k m d"). A symbol for a physical unit as described in the SI unit system. Shorthand for all seven SI base units (s, m, kg A, K, mol and cd). Shorthand for all SI units that are not base units. This is the opposite of SIbase. Second Meter Kilogram Ampere Kelvin Mole Candela Radian Steradian Hertz Newton Pascal Joule Watt Coulomb Volt Farad Ohm Siemens Weber Tesla Henry Celsius Lumen Lux Becquerel Gray Sievert Katal A space-separated list of unit symbols. A space-separated list of unit symbols that the user is allowed to use. If this attribute is not present, then it defines no restrictions. A space-separated list of unit symbols that the user is allowed to use. If this attribute is not present, then it defines no restrictions. A space-separated list of unit prefixes that the user is allowed to use. If this attribute is not present, then it defines no restrictions. Space-separated list of settings that are checked before the user presses the "check" button. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for string input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for boolean input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for choice input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for number input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for exponential input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for expression input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for set input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for vector input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for matrix input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for interval input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for unit input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for quantity input fields. Settings element inside the inputmodel element which is used to specify the settings for molecular input fields. Input value inside an input element representing a string, such as "Hello World!". Input value representing a boolean value, either "true" or "false". Input value representing a choice out of several options. An option of a choice input value. Wether or not this option is a correct solution of the input field. Input value representing a number. The correct number can be either given as a decimal value such as "-20.123" or as an expression that can also involve parameters defined in this containers. The expression is interpreted by the Computer Algebra System and must evaluate to a number. Input value representing a number in exponential notation, such as "-2.01 * 10^5". A space-separated list of expression node types. Type of a node in a binary expression tree. For example, the expression 1+x is parsed into a tree with a "sum" node as root that has two child nodes of type "number" and "variable". A number writte in positional notation, possibly with a sign. A constant like pi. A variable like x. Operator of the form a!. Operator of the form -a. Operator of the form |a|. Operator of the form sqrt(a). Operator of the form a^b. Operator of the form a*b. Operator of the form a/b. Operator of the form a+b. Operator of the form a-b.

Input value representing a mathematical expression, such as "2*x+1". The expression is parsed into a binary tree consisting of nodes that are either leafs or operators. There are three types of leaf nodes:

number (such as 1.222 or -5.55)
constant (such as pi, the full list of constants can be defined by the course or the input field)
variable (such as x, each single letter that is not a constant)

Additionally, there are the following types of operators, ordered by precedence from higher to lower. Operators on the same line have the same precedence and are processed from left to right:

faculty (a!)
negation (-a)
absolute value (|a|), square root (sqrt(a))
power (a^b)
product (a*b), fraction (a/b)
sum (a+b), difference (a-b)

Leaf nodes are considered to have the highest precedence. For example, the expression -2.22 is parsed into a single number node, while the expression -x is parsed into a tree with a negation node as root node and one node for the variable x as child node.

The user may use brackets to change the order of operators. For example, the expression -(2.22) is parsed into a tree whose root is a negation node.

The multiplication sign may be left out in situations where the meaning is clear. For example, 2xy is parsed the same as 2*x*y. But 2pi is parsed into a product of 2 with pi, because pi is a predefined constant.

Input value representing a set those elements are either text, number, expression, set, vector, matrix or interval values. For example, {1,2,3} is a set of numbers and {{1},{}} is a set of sets. The type of the element values in a set may not be mixed. A list of input value types that can appear in a set. Describes a type of input elements that can appear in a set. Number elements. Exponential elements. Expression elements. Set elements with any content. Note that it is currently not possible to restrict this type further. Vector elements with any content. Vector elements with only expression elements as content. Vector elements with only number elements as content. Matrix elements with any content. Matrix elements with only expression elements as content. Matrix elements with only number elements as content. Interval elements. String elements. Input value representing a vector of a fixed amount of numbers or expressions. For example, (1,2,3) is a vector of numbers and (2*x,3*x,x) is a vector of expressions. Input value representing a matrix, such as "[[1,2],[3,4]]", of numbers or expressions. A row of a matrix input value. Specifies a set of ends of an interval. Left end of an interval. Right end of an interval. Both ends of an interval. No ends of an interval. Input value representing an interval, such as "[2;10)", those endpoints are numbers or expressions. Specifies at which end points the interval should be closed for a correct solution, that is, which of its endpoints should be included in it. Input value representing a word in the sense of theoretical computer science, such as "aab" or the empty word "epsilon". Input value representing unit or a combination of units, such as "kg" or "m*s^-2". Input value representing a physical quantity: A combination of a number and a unit, such as "2*kg". An molecular formula input value, such as "H_2O". Calculates a decimal value from an expression that can involve parameters and replaces this element with the computed value. When a parameter with identifier a is defined in a container, one could write the following somewhere in its content: Please enter twice the value of 2*a:

]]> Same as xs:decimal, expect that the value must be strictly greater than 0. Same as xs:decimal, expect that the value must be greater than or equal to 0. A hint to a solution consisting of one or multiple steps. This element can be linked to a specific input element by setting to attribute. It then appears only as side note to this input element and not in the position of the text where it is placed itself. If the to attribute is not set, then this element appears as a collapsable box exactly where it is placed in the text. A step of a solution hint. When set, links this solution hint to the input element with the given name. Sets the minimum number of boolean inputs the user has to select in this input block. Sets a maximum number of boolean inputs the user can select in this input block. Sets a total maximal number of credit points the user can earn in this input block. Sets a total maximal number of credit points the user can get deducted in this input block. Allows the user to uncheck fields after they have been checked.